Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting plant immunity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Biological induction of SAR requires the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) and involves profound transcriptional changes that are largely controlled by the transcription coactivator nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 (NPR1). However, it is unclear how SAR signals are transduced from the NPR1 signaling node to the general transcription machinery. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR. Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels and completely compromised biological induction of SAR. These mutations also significantly suppressed SA-induced defense responses, altered the transcriptional changes induced by the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000/avrRpt2, and rendered plants susceptible to both Pst DC3000/avrRpt2 and Pst DC3000. In addition, mutations in MED16 blocked the induction of several jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive genes and compromised resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. The Mediator complex acts as a bridge between specific transcriptional activators and the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery; therefore, our data suggest that MED16 may be a signaling component in the gap between the NPR1 signaling node and the general transcription machinery and may relay signals from both the SA and the JA/ET pathways.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 completely compromised biological induction of SAR.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- Mutations in MED16e1
- Outcome
- biological induction of SARe1
- Direction
- completely compromisede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e1“Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels and completely compromised biological induction of SAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Mutations in MED16e1
- Gene
- NPR1e1
- Outcome
- NPR1 protein levelse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e1“Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels and completely compromised biological induction of SAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 significantly suppressed SA-induced defense responses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Mutations in MED16e1
- Outcome
- SA-induced defense responsese2
- Direction
- significantly suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e1“Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels”
e2“These mutations also significantly suppressed SA-induced defense responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 altered the transcriptional changes induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000/avrRpt2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Mutations in MED16e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000/avrRpt2
Pseudomonas syringaee3pathogen - Outcome
- transcriptional changese3
- Direction
- alterede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e1“Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels”
e3“altered the transcriptional changes induced by the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000/avrRpt2”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 rendered plants susceptible to Pst DC3000/avrRpt2 and to Pst DC3000.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Mutations in MED16e1
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000/avrRpt2e4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pst DC3000e4pathogen
- Outcome
- plants susceptiblee4
- Direction
- renderede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e1“Mutations in MED16 reduced NPR1 protein levels”
e4“rendered plants susceptible to both Pst DC3000/avrRpt2 and Pst DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 blocked the induction of several jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- mutations in MED16e5
- Outcome
- induction of several jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive genese5
- Direction
- blockede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e5“In addition, mutations in MED16 blocked the induction of several jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in MED16 compromised resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- mutations in MED16e5
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae6pathogen - Second interactor
- Alternaria brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicolae6pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee6
- Direction
- compromisede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e5“In addition, mutations in MED16 blocked the induction of several jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive genes”
e6“compromised resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola”
Claim · model-written summary
MED16 may be a signaling component between the NPR1 signaling node and the general transcription machinery, relaying signals from both the SA and the JA/ET pathways.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- MED16e7
- Outcome
- relay signals from both the SA and the JA/ET pathwayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator subunit16 (MED16) is an essential positive regulator of SAR”
e7“MED16 may be a signaling component in the gap between the NPR1 signaling node and the general transcription machinery and may relay signals from both the SA and the JA/ET pathways”
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