Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen fertilization often improves the yield of intensively managed, short‐rotation coppices. However, information of N nutrition form on the growth of common species and clones used for biomass production is limited. Thus, this study aims at evaluating N form effects on the growth of two Salicaceae clones. Cuttings of the poplar clone Max 4 ( Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra ) and the willow clone Inger ( Salix triandra × S. viminialis ) were fertilized in a pot experiment with four ratios of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to ammonium (50%, 62.5%, 75% and 87.5% NO 3 − balanced with ammonium (NH 4 + ) to constant total N) for one growing season and under stable soil pH . Plants were harvested for analysis of biomass and morphology of leaves, stem and roots. Respiration of fine and coarse roots (RR) was determined and related to biomass growth. Salix cv. Inger accumulated more total dry matter than Populus cv. Max 4. In both Salicaceae clones, the total biomass was significantly influenced by the nitrate ratio and greatest in plants fertilized with 50% NO 3 − of the total N supply. Both clones possess a different leaf and root morphology, but no significant influence of the NO 3 − ratio on the morphology was found. Fine RR rates differed significantly between clones, with significantly greater fine RR in Max 4; 87.5% NO 3 − fertilization increased the fine RR . Fine RR and total accumulated plant biomass were closely related. Our study is the first to show the tremendous influence of fine root respiration, especially including the carbon‐intensive reduction of NO 3 − to NH 4 + , on the aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones. Ways to improve yield in SRC are thus to lower the assimilate consumption by fine roots and to match fertilization regimes to the used clones or vice versa.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Willow Inger accumulated more dry matter than poplar Max 4.
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salix cv. Inger accumulated more total dry matter than Populus cv. Max 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass of Max 4 was greatest with 50% nitrate nutrition.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both Salicaceae clones, the total biomass was significantly influenced by the nitrate ratio and greatest in plants fertilized with 50% NO 3 − of the total N supply”
e1“poplar clone Max 4 ( Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra )”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass of Inger was greatest with 50% nitrate nutrition.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both Salicaceae clones, the total biomass was significantly influenced by the nitrate ratio and greatest in plants fertilized with 50% NO 3 − of the total N supply”
e1“willow clone Inger ( Salix triandra × S. viminialis )”
Claim · model-written summary
The clones had different leaf and root morphology.
Verbatim
e0“Both clones possess a different leaf and root morphology”
e1“poplar clone Max 4 ( Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra ) and the willow clone Inger ( Salix triandra × S. viminialis )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate ratio had no significant effect on clone morphology.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee1
- Treatment
- NO 3 − ratioe0
- Outcome
- morphologye0
- Direction
- no significant influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“no significant influence of the NO 3 − ratio on the morphology was found”
e1“aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-root respiration was significantly greater in Max 4 than Inger.
Verbatim
e0“Fine RR rates differed significantly between clones, with significantly greater fine RR in Max 4”
e1“poplar clone Max 4 ( Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra ) and the willow clone Inger ( Salix triandra × S. viminialis )”
Claim · model-written summary
87.5% nitrate fertilization increased fine-root respiration.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee1
- Treatment
- 87.5% NO 3 − fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- fine RRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“87.5% NO 3 − fertilization increased the fine RR”
e1“aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-root respiration and accumulated biomass were closely related.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee1
- Organ / stage
- Fine RRe0
- Outcome
- total accumulated plant biomasse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Fine RR and total accumulated plant biomass were closely related”
e1“aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret fine-root respiration as strongly influencing aboveground growth.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee0
- Outcome
- aboveground growthe0
- Qualifier
- fine root respiration, especially including the carbon‐intensive reduction of NO 3 − to NH 4 +e0
Verbatim
e0“influence of fine root respiration, especially including the carbon‐intensive reduction of NO 3 − to NH 4 + , on the aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend lowering assimilate consumption by fine roots to improve yield.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee1
- Outcome
- lower the assimilate consumption by fine rootse0
Verbatim
e0“Ways to improve yield in SRC are thus to lower the assimilate consumption by fine roots”
e1“aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend matching fertilization regimes to clones to improve yield.
- Taxon
- SalicaceaeSalicaceaee1
- Outcome
- match fertilization regimes to the used clones or vice versae0
Verbatim
e0“match fertilization regimes to the used clones or vice versa”
e1“aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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See all 6 papers →nitrogen · growth · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.