Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic elements. The ideal vegetal cover should be ensured by the selection of appropriate plant species for successful phytoremediation. In the present study, the ecotoxicological effects of Cd on the following 3 ornamental herbs were investigated: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Based on the inhibition rate of seed germination, root and shoot elongation, early seedling growth, median inhibition concentration (IC50) values, and index of tolerance (IT) values, ecotoxicological indicators were determined. The results showed that 10 μM to 50 μM Cd had little effect on seed germination or root and shoot elongation of the 3 ornamental herbs (p > 0.01). With an increase in Cd concentrations, alfalfa (M. sativa) was the most sensitive to Cd toxicity in terms of seed germination and root elongation. Based on the IC50 of root elongation, Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) was the least sensitive to Cd. Based on the IC50 of seed germination and shoot elongation, white clover had the least sensitivity to Cd. Among the 3 ornamental herbs, based on the IC50 of seed germination and root and shoot elongation, alfalfa (M. sativa) was all the most sensitive plant. According to the index of tolerance, Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) was the most tolerant plant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
10 to 50 μM Cd had little effect on Italian ryegrass germination and root and shoot elongation.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume1 - Treatment
- 10 μM to 50 μM Cde0
- Outcome
- seed germination or root and shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 μM to 50 μM Cd had little effect on seed germination or root and shoot elongation of the 3 ornamental herbs (p > 0.01).”
e1“Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
10 to 50 μM Cd had little effect on white clover germination and elongation.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense1 - Treatment
- 10 μM to 50 μM Cde0
- Outcome
- seed germination or root and shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 μM to 50 μM Cd had little effect on seed germination or root and shoot elongation of the 3 ornamental herbs (p > 0.01).”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
10 to 50 μM Cd had little effect on alfalfa germination and elongation.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- 10 μM to 50 μM Cde0
- Outcome
- seed germination or root and shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 μM to 50 μM Cd had little effect on seed germination or root and shoot elongation of the 3 ornamental herbs (p > 0.01).”
e1“alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa was most sensitive to increasing Cd for germination and root elongation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- increase in Cd concentrationse0
- Outcome
- seed germination and root elongatione0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With an increase in Cd concentrations, alfalfa (M. sativa) was the most sensitive to Cd toxicity in terms of seed germination and root elongation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Italian ryegrass was least sensitive to Cd based on root-elongation IC50.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorume0
- Outcome
- IC50 of root elongatione0
- Direction
- least sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the IC50 of root elongation, Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) was the least sensitive to Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover was least sensitive based on germination and shoot-elongation IC50.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- IC50 of seed germination and shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- least sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the IC50 of seed germination and shoot elongation, white clover had the least sensitivity to Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa was most sensitive across germination, root and shoot elongation IC50 measures.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- IC50 of seed germination and root and shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the 3 ornamental herbs, based on the IC50 of seed germination and root and shoot elongation, alfalfa (M. sativa) was all the most sensitive plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Italian ryegrass was most tolerant by index of tolerance.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorume0
- Outcome
- index of tolerancee0
- Direction
- most tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to the index of tolerance, Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) was the most tolerant plant.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.