Abstract
Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investigate the effect of GSH on the Cd uptake, subcellular compartments, and chemical forms. Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition. The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot. The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH. The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH. The Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) with low toxicity and immobility were greatly increased. In leaves, the application GSH decreased in any form of Cd form extracted. In conclusion, exogenous GSH decreased the translocation of Cd and alleviated Italian ryegrass Cd toxicity by accumulating more Cd in the root cell wall and immobilizing more Cd in lower toxicity fractions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cd inhibited plant growth in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian Ryegrass
Lolium multiflorumt0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH supplementation decreased inhibition in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSH supplementatione0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH improved Cd concentration in the roots in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in the rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH reduced Cd concentration in the shoots in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- that in the shootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH decreased Cd translocation from root to shoot in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- Cd translocation from root to shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration of the root in the cell walle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH decreased concentration in the soluble fraction in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- concentration in the soluble fractione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH reduced inorganic form in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- inorganic forme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH. The Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) with low toxicity and immobility were greatly increased.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH decreased any form of Cd form extracted in Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
- Treatment
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- any form of Cd form extractede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves, the application GSH decreased in any form of Cd form extracted.”
t0“Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.