Abstract
Abstract The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nitrogenous compounds on alleviating salinity stress on seed germination of Leymus chinensis in light (12 h light/12 h dark) and dark (24 h dark) conditions were determined in a laboratory experiment. Seed germination was compared at various combinations of salinity and germination‐promoting compounds. Seed germination percentages were 57 and 74% under non‐saline conditions in light and dark, respectively, suggesting that germination was light‐inhibited. Germination decreased significantly with increasing salinity level in both light and dark conditions, and the reduction was greater in light than in dark at each salinity level. Seed germination percentage decreased to 22 and 7% in light but only to 51 and 27% in dark, in 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutions respectively. The influence of PGRs and nitrogenous compounds in alleviating salinity stress varied with light and salinity condition; e.g., gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 ) significantly increased germination percentages from 22%, 7% and 0·3% to 47%, 23% and 15% in light at 100, 200 and 300 m m NaCl, respectively, while they showed no effect on germination in darkness. In contrast, sodium nitroprusside and cytokinin significantly increased germination percentage in darkness at all salinity levels, but showed no effect on germination in light at 200 and 300 m m NaCl. Fluridone was very effective in alleviating salinity stress on germination in both light and dark; however, it was lethal to seedlings. Thiourea had no effect in alleviating salinity stress in either light or dark. Thus, alleviation of salinity stress on seed germination of L. chinensis by germination‐promoting compounds is strongly dependent on chemicals and light conditions.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Under non-saline conditions germination was 57% in light.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagese0
- Value
- 57e0
- Qualifier
- lighte0
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentages were 57 and 74% under non‐saline conditions in light and dark, respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under non-saline conditions germination was 74% in darkness, suggesting light inhibition.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagese0
- Value
- 74%e0
- Qualifier
- darke0
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentages were 57 and 74% under non‐saline conditions in light and dark, respectively, suggesting that germination was light‐inhibited”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased significantly as salinity increased in light and dark.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- both light and dark conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination decreased significantly with increasing salinity level in both light and dark conditions”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity-related reduction in germination was greater in light than dark at each salinity level.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction was greater in light than in dark at each salinity level”
e1“Germination decreased significantly with increasing salinity level”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 m m NaCl, germination in light fell to 22%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutionse0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22e0
- Qualifier
- lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage decreased to 22 and 7% in light but only to 51 and 27% in dark, in 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutions respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 m m NaCl, germination in light fell to 7%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutionse0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage decreased to 22 and 7% in light but only to 51 and 27% in dark, in 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutions respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 m m NaCl, germination in darkness was 51%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Value
- 51e0
- Qualifier
- darke0
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage decreased to 22 and 7% in light but only to 51 and 27% in dark, in 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutions respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 m m NaCl, germination in darkness was 27%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- darke0
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage decreased to 22 and 7% in light but only to 51 and 27% in dark, in 100 and 200 m m NaCl solutions respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4 + 7 increased germination in light at 100 m m NaCl from 22% to 47%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 )e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Qualifier
- 100, 200 and 300 m m NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 ) significantly increased germination percentages from 22%, 7% and 0·3% to 47%, 23% and 15% in light at 100, 200 and 300 m m NaCl, respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4 + 7 increased germination in light at 200 m m NaCl from 7% to 23%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 )e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 ) significantly increased germination percentages from 22%, 7% and 0·3% to 47%, 23% and 15% in light at 100, 200 and 300 m m NaCl, respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4 + 7 increased germination in light at 300 m m NaCl from 0.3% to 15%.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 )e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 ) significantly increased germination percentages from 22%, 7% and 0·3% to 47%, 23% and 15% in light at 100, 200 and 300 m m NaCl, respectively”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins showed no effect on germination in darkness.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 )e1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- darknesse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“they showed no effect on germination in darkness”
e1“gibberellins ( GA 4 + 7 )”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium nitroprusside significantly increased germination in darkness at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprussidee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- darkness at all salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sodium nitroprusside and cytokinin significantly increased germination percentage in darkness at all salinity levels”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin significantly increased germination in darkness at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- darkness at all salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sodium nitroprusside and cytokinin significantly increased germination percentage in darkness at all salinity levels”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium nitroprusside showed no effect in light at 200 and 300 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprussidee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- light at 200 and 300 m m NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sodium nitroprusside and cytokinin significantly increased germination percentage in darkness at all salinity levels, but showed no effect on germination in light at 200 and 300 m m NaCl”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin showed no effect in light at 200 and 300 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- light at 200 and 300 m m NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sodium nitroprusside and cytokinin significantly increased germination percentage in darkness at all salinity levels, but showed no effect on germination in light at 200 and 300 m m NaCl”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone alleviated salinity stress on germination in light and dark.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- Fluridonee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- alleviatinge0
- Qualifier
- both light and darke0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fluridone was very effective in alleviating salinity stress on germination in both light and dark”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluridone was lethal to seedlings.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- Fluridonee0
- Outcome
- lethal to seedlingse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Fluridone was very effective in alleviating salinity stress on germination in both light and dark; however, it was lethal to seedlings”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea had no effect on salinity-stress alleviation in light or dark.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- Thioureae0
- Outcome
- alleviating salinity stresse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Thiourea had no effect in alleviating salinity stress in either light or dark”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
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sodium chloride · growth · Leymus chinensisResults differ
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- negative
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Gibberellic acid · growth · Leymus chinensisResults agree
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16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.