Abstract
Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities, slightly delayed reductions in the rates of ethene emissions (typical of O3 plants), steady accumulations of total polyamines (although putrescine declines), and increases in pool sizes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate in current year needles. Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents. Their roots have low rates of nitrate uptake but virtually no root NaR activities, while levels of shoot activities and NaR-associated proteins are unaffected although they have no substrate. Less severe droughting allows a restricted uptake of nitrate which is still reflected in reduced NaR activities, protein and total N contents, but the additional presence of O3 (up to 120 nl l−1) has no interactive effect on N cycling. Drought and O3 together, however, depress CO2 assimilation still further, which can not be accounted for by additional stomatal closure, but the interactive effects of drought and air pollution reduce levels of total phenols, GSH and ascorbate which, combined with a 12-fold reduction in glutathione reductase-(GR)-associated proteins, point to an increased susceptibility of Aleppo pines to photoinhibition as a reason for their current decline in Mediterranean areas.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone fumigation depressed in vivo nitrate reductase activities in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pines
Pinus halepensise1 - Treatment
- episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−)e1
- Outcome
- in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activitiese1
- Direction
- depressionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone slightly delayed reductions in ethene emission rates in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−)e1
- Outcome
- rates of ethene emissionse2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Qualifier
- slightly delayede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e2“slightly delayed reductions in the rates of ethene emissions (typical of O3 plants)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone caused steady accumulations of total polyamines in Aleppo pine, although putrescine declined
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−)e1
- Outcome
- total polyaminese3
- Direction
- accumulationse3
- Qualifier
- although putrescine declinese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e3“steady accumulations of total polyamines (although putrescine declines)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone increased pool sizes of reduced glutathione and ascorbate in current year needles of Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Organ / stage
- current year needlese4
- Treatment
- episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−)e1
- Outcome
- pool sizes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbatee4
- Direction
- increasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e4“increases in pool sizes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate in current year needles”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation ratese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought produced smaller Aleppo pine plants
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- plantse5
- Direction
- smallere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought lowered protein contents in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- protein contentse5
- Direction
- lowere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe drought, roots of Aleppo pine had low rates of nitrate uptake
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- rates of nitrate uptakee6
- Direction
- lowe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
e6“Their roots have low rates of nitrate uptake but virtually no root NaR activities, while levels of shoot activities and NaR-associated proteins are unaffected although they have no substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe drought, roots of Aleppo pine had virtually no NaR activity
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- root NaR activitiese6
- Direction
- virtually noe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
e6“Their roots have low rates of nitrate uptake but virtually no root NaR activities, while levels of shoot activities and NaR-associated proteins are unaffected although they have no substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe drought, shoot NaR activities and NaR-associated proteins were unaffected
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Organ / stage
- shoote6
- Treatment
- Severe droughtinge5
- Outcome
- levels of shoot activities and NaR-associated proteinse6
- Direction
- unaffectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e5“Severe droughting produces smaller plants with reduced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates as well as lower protein contents”
e6“Their roots have low rates of nitrate uptake but virtually no root NaR activities, while levels of shoot activities and NaR-associated proteins are unaffected although they have no substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Less severe drought reduced NaR activities, protein and total N contents in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- Less severe droughtinge7
- Outcome
- NaR activities, protein and total N contentse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- restricted uptake of nitratee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e7“Less severe droughting allows a restricted uptake of nitrate which is still reflected in reduced NaR activities, protein and total N contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional ozone had no interactive effect on N cycling under less severe drought
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- additional presence of O3 (up to 120 nl l−1)e2
- Outcome
- N cyclinge2
- Direction
- no interactive effecte2
- Comparator
- Less severe droughtinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e7“Less severe droughting allows a restricted uptake of nitrate which is still reflected in reduced NaR activities, protein and total N contents”
e2“the additional presence of O3 (up to 120 nl l−1) has no interactive effect on N cycling”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and ozone together depressed CO2 assimilation further in Aleppo pine
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- Drought and O3 togethere2
- Outcome
- CO2 assimilatione2
- Direction
- depresse2
- Qualifier
- still furthere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e2“Drought and O3 together, however, depress CO2 assimilation still further, which can not be accounted for by additional stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and air pollution together reduced levels of total phenols, GSH and ascorbate
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- drought and air pollutione2
- Outcome
- levels of total phenols, GSH and ascorbatee2
- Direction
- reducee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e2“the interactive effects of drought and air pollution reduce levels of total phenols, GSH and ascorbate”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and air pollution together gave a 12-fold reduction in glutathione reductase-associated proteins
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Treatment
- drought and air pollutione2
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase-(GR)-associated proteinse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 12-folde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e2“the interactive effects of drought and air pollution reduce levels of total phenols, GSH and ascorbate”
e3“combined with a 12-fold reduction in glutathione reductase-(GR)-associated proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased susceptibility of Aleppo pine to photoinhibition is proposed as a reason for its decline
- Taxon
- Aleppo pinesPinus halepensise1
- Outcome
- increased susceptibilitye4
- Qualifier
- photoinhibitione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fumigation of Aleppo pines with episodes of O3 (up to 110 nl l−) causes immediate depressions of in vivo nitrate reductase (NaR) activities”
e4“point to an increased susceptibility of Aleppo pines to photoinhibition as a reason for their current decline in Mediterranean areas”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
ozone · physiology: photosynthesis · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · growth · Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.