Abstract
Summary The influence of weather and agronomic factors on the activity of six selective herbicides applied at reproductive stages of development for the reduction in seed production of Raphanus raphanistrum in wheat was evaluated. The herbicides used in this way generally reduced seed production by between 80% and 100%. Triasulfuron and mixtures of triasulfuron + MCPA consistently provided the greatest reduction in seed production. This was greater when herbicides were applied at the bud and early flowering stages of R. raphanistrum and the efficacy of the herbicides increased as maximum temperature on the day of spraying increased over the range 14–24°C. An applied model developed from these results predicts the reduction in seed production of R. raphanistrum , for each herbicide, given the stage of weed development and maximum temperature on the day of its application. Wheat yield was significantly reduced as densities of R. raphanistrum increased, with predicted losses at low densities being approximately half of those reported in the literature. There was no consistent evidence that the late application of herbicides had any negative effect on wheat yield through crop injury, nor was there any indication of yield improvement. It is concluded that certain herbicides applied during the reproductive phase of development have considerable potential to reduce R. raphanistrum seed production in wheat crops. As part of an integrated strategy, such late post‐emergence application of selective herbicides to regulate seed production has a likely role for managing weed seedbanks, but little or no value for counteracting weed competition.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Six selective herbicides generally reduced wild radish seed output by 80–100%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Raphanus raphanistrum
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Raphanus raphanistrumt0 - Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- between 80% and 100%e0
Not reportedInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides used in this way generally reduced seed production by between 80% and 100%.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum following herbicide application during reproduction and effects on wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Triasulfuron and its MCPA mixture gave the greatest seed output reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Triasulfurone0
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- greatest reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triasulfuron and mixtures of triasulfuron + MCPA consistently provided the greatest reduction in seed production.”
t0“wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides were more effective at bud and early flowering stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- bud and early flowering stagese0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- greatere0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was greater when herbicides were applied at the bud and early flowering stages of R. raphanistrum”
t0“wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide efficacy rose with spraying-day maximum temperature from 14 to 24°C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- efficacy of the herbicidese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14–24°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of the herbicides increased as maximum temperature on the day of spraying increased over the range 14–24°C.”
t0“wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The model predicts wild radish seed reduction by herbicide, weed stage and spraying temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- reduction in seed production of R. raphanistrume0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An applied model developed from these results predicts the reduction in seed production of R. raphanistrum , for each herbicide, given the stage of weed development and maximum temperature on the day of its application.”
t0“wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield declined significantly as wild radish density increased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- R. raphanistrumRaphanus raphanistrume0
- Outcome
- Wheat yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield was significantly reduced as densities of R. raphanistrum increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted wheat yield losses at low weed densities were half literature values.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- predicted lossese0
- Value
- halfe0
- Comparator
- those reported in the literaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predicted losses at low densities being approximately half of those reported in the literature.”
e1“Wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Late herbicide application showed no consistent crop-injury yield loss or yield improvement.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- late application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- no consistent evidencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no consistent evidence that the late application of herbicides had any negative effect on wheat yield through crop injury, nor was there any indication of yield improvement.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend late selective herbicide use to manage weed seedbanks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late post‐emergence application of selective herbicidese0
- Outcome
- managing weed seedbankse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such late post‐emergence application of selective herbicides to regulate seed production has a likely role for managing weed seedbanks”
t0“wheat yield”
The same questions in other papers
triasulfuron · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →herbicide · Raphanus raphanistrum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.