Abstract
Cereal seed development depends on the intimate interaction of filial and maternal tissues, ensuring nourishment of the new generation. The gene jekyll, which was identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare), is preferentially expressed in the nurse tissues. JEKYLL shares partial similarity with the scorpion Cn4 toxin and is toxic when ectopically expressed in Escherichia coli and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In barley, jekyll is upregulated in cells destined for autolysis. The gene generates a gradient of expression in the nucellar projection, which mediates the maternal-filial interaction during seed filling. Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley decelerates autolysis and cell differentiation within the nurse tissues. Flower development and seed filling are thereby extended, and the nucellar projection no longer functions as the main transport route for assimilates. A slowing down in the proliferation of endosperm nuclei and a severely impaired ability to accumulate starch in the endosperm leads to the formation of irregular and small-sized seeds at maturity. Overall, JEKYLL plays a decisive role in the differentiation of the nucellar projection and drives the programmed cell death necessary for its proper function. We further suggest that cell autolysis during the differentiation of the nucellar projection allows the optimal provision of basic nutrients for biosynthesis in endosperm and embryo.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
jekyll is preferentially expressed in nurse tissues of barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- nurse tissuese0
- Gene
- jekylle0
- Outcome
- preferentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The gene jekyll, which was identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare), is preferentially expressed in the nurse tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
JEKYLL has partial similarity to the scorpion Cn4 toxin.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- JEKYLLe0
- Outcome
- partial similarity with the scorpion Cn4 toxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JEKYLL shares partial similarity with the scorpion Cn4 toxin”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic JEKYLL expression is toxic in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- ectopically expressede0
- Gene
- JEKYLLe0
- Outcome
- toxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JEKYLL shares partial similarity with the scorpion Cn4 toxin and is toxic when ectopically expressed in Escherichia coli and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)”
Claim · model-written summary
jekyll is upregulated in barley cells destined for autolysis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- cells destined for autolysise0
- Gene
- jekylle0
- Outcome
- jekylle0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley, jekyll is upregulated in cells destined for autolysis”
Claim · model-written summary
jekyll has a gradient of expression in the nucellar projection.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- nucellar projectione0
- Gene
- jekylle1
- Outcome
- gradient of expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gene generates a gradient of expression in the nucellar projection”
e1“In barley, jekyll”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA interference of jekyll slows autolysis and cell differentiation in barley nurse tissue.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- nurse tissuese0
- Treatment
- Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference techniquee0
- Gene
- jekylle0
- Outcome
- autolysis and cell differentiatione0
- Direction
- deceleratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley decelerates autolysis and cell differentiation within the nurse tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Following jekyll downregulation, flower development and seed filling are extended.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference techniquee1
- Outcome
- Flower development and seed fillinge0
- Direction
- extendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower development and seed filling are thereby extended”
e1“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Following jekyll downregulation, the nucellar projection ceases to be the main assimilate transport route.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- nucellar projectione0
- Treatment
- Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference techniquee1
- Outcome
- main transport route for assimilatese0
- Direction
- no longer functionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nucellar projection no longer functions as the main transport route for assimilates”
e1“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm nuclear proliferation slows following jekyll downregulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference techniquee1
- Outcome
- proliferation of endosperm nucleie0
- Direction
- slowing downe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slowing down in the proliferation of endosperm nuclei”
e1“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch accumulation in the endosperm is severely impaired following jekyll downregulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- endosperme0
- Treatment
- Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference techniquee1
- Outcome
- ability to accumulate starche0
- Direction
- severely impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a severely impaired ability to accumulate starch in the endosperm”
e1“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds are irregular and small at maturity following jekyll downregulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- seeds at maturitye0
- Outcome
- irregular and small-sized seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“formation of irregular and small-sized seeds at maturity”
e1“Downregulation of jekyll by the RNA interference technique in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that JEKYLL drives nucellar-projection differentiation and programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- JEKYLLe0
- Outcome
- differentiation of the nucellar projection and drives the programmed cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JEKYLL plays a decisive role in the differentiation of the nucellar projection and drives the programmed cell death necessary for its proper function”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest autolysis in the nucellar projection supports nutrient provision for endosperm and embryo biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- nucellar projectione0
- Outcome
- optimal provision of basic nutrients for biosynthesis in endosperm and embryoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell autolysis during the differentiation of the nucellar projection allows the optimal provision of basic nutrients for biosynthesis in endosperm and embryo”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.