Abstract
Cereal straw has many potential on-farm and off-farm uses. If straw is to be removed from land, the practice should not adversely impact long-term crop production and soil quality. A 10-yr experiment was conducted on a Dark Grey Solod near Beaverlodge, Alberta (55°13′N, 119°20′W) to determine the effects of fertilizer and straw management on the yield of, and nutrient (N and P) use by, continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Four straw management treatments: (i) straw removal; (ii) straw ploughed in; (iii) straw disked in; and (iv) straw disked in plus a red clover (Trifoleum pratense L.) green manure disked in every fifth year, were superimposed on four fertilizer treatments. The fertilizer treatments were application of N and P: (i) banded at soil-test recommended rates (ST,b); (ii) broadcast and incorporated at soil-test recommended rates (ST,bi); (iii) banded at soil-test rates of N+ 25 kg ha −1 and P+ 10 kg ha −1 (ST+,b); and (iv) as in (iii) but broadcast-applied and incorporated (ST+,bi). The straw ploughed-in treatment tended to produce lower annual barley yield and N uptake (by 9 and 13%, respectively) than the other three residue treatments. Barley yield and utilization of N and P were unaffected by straw removal as compared to disking-in straw. Barley yield and N uptake were higher (by 12 and 17%, respectively) with N and P application at the higher rate. At the recommended rate, broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizers resulted in lower yields and nutrient use than banded-in application. Treatment effects on P uptake tended to be small. The green-manured treatment used less fertilizer N, resulted in less total barley grain production, and did not increase the amount of crop residues incorporated. It is concluded that grain yield and nutrient (N and P) use of a continuous barley cropping system, fertilized at recommended rates of N and P, were unaffected by straw removal. Key words: Crop residue management, continuous barley production, fertilizer N and P
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughed-in straw tended to lower annual barley yield by 9% relative to other residue treatments.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- straw ploughed-in treatmente0
- Outcome
- annual barley yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 9e0
- Qualifier
- tendede0
- Comparator
- other three residue treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The straw ploughed-in treatment tended to produce lower annual barley yield and N uptake (by 9 and 13%, respectively) than the other three residue treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughed-in straw tended to lower barley N uptake by 13% relative to other residue treatments.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- straw ploughed-in treatmente0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- tendede0
- Comparator
- other three residue treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The straw ploughed-in treatment tended to produce lower annual barley yield and N uptake (by 9 and 13%, respectively) than the other three residue treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw removal left barley yield unaffected relative to disking in straw.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- straw removale0
- Outcome
- Barley yielde0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Comparator
- disking-in strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and utilization of N and P were unaffected by straw removal as compared to disking-in straw.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw removal left barley N and P utilization unaffected relative to disking in straw.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- straw removale0
- Outcome
- utilization of N and Pe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Comparator
- disking-in strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and utilization of N and P were unaffected by straw removal as compared to disking-in straw.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and P application increased barley yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N and P application at the higher ratee0
- Outcome
- Barley yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and N uptake were higher (by 12 and 17%, respectively) with N and P application at the higher rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N and P application increased barley N uptake by 17%.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N and P application at the higher ratee0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yield and N uptake were higher (by 12 and 17%, respectively) with N and P application at the higher rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the recommended rate, broadcast and incorporated fertilizer lowered barley yields relative to banded application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- At the recommended ratee0
- Comparator
- banded-in applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the recommended rate, broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizers resulted in lower yields and nutrient use than banded-in application.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At the recommended rate, broadcast and incorporated fertilizer lowered barley nutrient use relative to banded application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nutrient usee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- At the recommended ratee0
- Comparator
- banded-in applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the recommended rate, broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizers resulted in lower yields and nutrient use than banded-in application.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on barley P uptake tended to be small.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Qualifier
- tended to be smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment effects on P uptake tended to be small.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The green manure treatment required less fertilizer N.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- green-manured treatmente0
- Outcome
- fertilizer Ne0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green-manured treatment used less fertilizer N, resulted in less total barley grain production, and did not increase the amount of crop residues incorporated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The green manure treatment yielded less total barley grain.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- green-manured treatmente0
- Outcome
- total barley grain productione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green-manured treatment used less fertilizer N, resulted in less total barley grain production, and did not increase the amount of crop residues incorporated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The green manure treatment did not increase incorporated crop residues.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- green-manured treatmente0
- Outcome
- amount of crop residues incorporatede0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green-manured treatment used less fertilizer N, resulted in less total barley grain production, and did not increase the amount of crop residues incorporated.”
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