Abstract
For most of a century, the wide spread practice of growing only one crop every other year in a tillage‐based wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow rotation has degraded soils and contributed to environmental problems in low‐precipitation (<350 mm annual) dryland regions of the inland Pacific Northwest of the USA. Many growers in this 2‐million‐ha cropland area are increasing the intensity of cropping with spring crops, but most use conventional tillage (CT) for seedbed preparation. The agronomic performance of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), sown into CT seedbeds with double‐disk drills or into standing stubble with several types of no‐till (NT) drills (hoe, single disk, and notched coulter), was determined in two experiments conducted both in 1996 and 1997 where the previous crop was either winter wheat or spring barley. We measured stand establishment, seed‐zone temperature, soil water, dry biomass accumulation, rhizoctonia root rot, surface residue retention, and grain yield components. Plant stand , dry biomass accumulation , and spike density as single independent variables, and combined in a multiple regression model , were strongly correlated ( P < 0.001) to grain yield. Early‐season seed‐zone temperatures were cooler under NT, but seed‐zone water was slightly higher with CT. Low spike density consistently occurred in a wide row spacing (406 mm) NT drill treatment, and the highest overall yields were obtained with NT drills with rows spaced 255 mm or less. Rhizoctonia root rot was severe on seminal roots in all treatments in three out of four trials, but did not appear to limit yields, possibly due to healthy crown roots and favorable growing conditions. No‐till spring sowing into undisturbed standing stubble (2420–5230 kg ha −1 ) can produce grain yields equal to or exceeding those under CT and can provide environmental and potential soil quality benefits for low‐precipitation dryland farming areas in the inland Pacific Northwest.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Stand, biomass and spike density correlated with yield.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- Plant stande1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Plant stand , dry biomass accumulation , and spike density as single independent variables, and combined in a multiple regression model , were strongly correlated ( P < 0.001) to grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till seed zones were cooler.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- seed‐zone temperaturese1
- Direction
- coolere1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Early‐season seed‐zone temperatures were cooler under NT, but seed‐zone water was slightly higher with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had slightly more seed-zone water.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- CTe1
- Outcome
- seed‐zone watere1
- Direction
- slightly highere1
- Comparator
- NTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Early‐season seed‐zone temperatures were cooler under NT, but seed‐zone water was slightly higher with CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Wide-row no-till drilling gave low spike density.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- wide row spacing (406 mm) NT drill treatmente1
- Outcome
- spike densitye1
- Direction
- Lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Low spike density consistently occurred in a wide row spacing (406 mm) NT drill treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till rows at most 255 mm gave highest yields.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- NT drills with rows spaced 255 mm or lesse1
- Outcome
- overall yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“the highest overall yields were obtained with NT drills with rows spaced 255 mm or less”
Claim · model-written summary
Root rot was severe in three of four trials.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae1pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia root rote1
- Value
- three out of four trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Rhizoctonia root rot was severe on seminal roots in all treatments in three out of four trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Root rot did not appear to limit yields.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae1pathogen
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- did not appear to limite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“Rhizoctonia root rot was severe on seminal roots in all treatments in three out of four trials, but did not appear to limit yields”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till sowing can equal or exceed CT yields.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- No‐till spring sowing into undisturbed standing stubble (2420–5230 kg ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- equal to or exceedinge1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
e1“No‐till spring sowing into undisturbed standing stubble (2420–5230 kg ha −1 ) can produce grain yields equal to or exceeding those under CT”
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