Abstract
Field trials were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009, 2010 and 2011 in Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria to evaluate the response of soybean to separate and combined applications of farmyard manure (FYM) and mineral phosphorus fertilizers levels. Soybean varieties TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1019-2E were grown with three levels of FYM (0, 1 and 2 t/ha) and four levels of P (0, 13.2, 26.4 and 39.6 kg P/ha) in all possible factorial combinations laid out as a randomised complete block design, replicated four times. Leaf area index, number of days to 50% bloom stage nodule dry weight per plant, number and weight of pods per plant and 100-seed weight were similar for both varieties. TGx 1448-2E was shorter but produced more total dry matter (TDM) than TGx 1019-2E. Although TGx 1448-2E produced higher grain yield than TGx 1019-2E, the difference was not significant. Application of FYM increased plant height nodule dry weight, TDM, 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectare. Application of 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM but there was no difference by increasing FYM to 2 t/ha. Phosphorus application increased grain yield significantly and application of 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 46.6% and 16.0% compared with plots without P and with 13.2 kg P/ha respectively when averaged over the three years. There were no interactions between FYM and inorganic P on grain yield in any of the years. The result showed that both varieties were similar in grain yield and 1 t/ha of FYM or 26.4 kg P/ha produced similar grain yields above 2 t/ha. Regression equation across the years showed soybean responded optimally to P rates ranging from 15.9 to 39.7 kg P/ha for grain yields of 1950.2 to 2665.4 kg/ha depending on the fertility status of the soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and days to 50% bloom stage were similar for both soybean varieties.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1019-2Ee2
- Outcome
- Leaf area index, number of days to 50% bloom stagee1
- Direction
- similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e1“Leaf area index, number of days to 50% bloom stage nodule dry weight per plant, number and weight of pods per plant and 100-seed weight were similar for both varieties”
e2“Soybean varieties TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1019-2E were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod number and weight and 100-seed weight were similar for both soybean varieties.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1019-2Ee2
- Outcome
- number and weight of pods per plant and 100-seed weighte1
- Direction
- similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e1“Leaf area index, number of days to 50% bloom stage nodule dry weight per plant, number and weight of pods per plant and 100-seed weight were similar for both varieties”
e2“Soybean varieties TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1019-2E were grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety TGx 1448-2E was shorter than TGx 1019-2E.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGx 1448-2Ee3
- Outcome
- shortere3
- Direction
- shortere3
- Comparator
- TGx 1019-2Ee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e3“TGx 1448-2E was shorter but produced more total dry matter (TDM) than TGx 1019-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety TGx 1448-2E produced more total dry matter than TGx 1019-2E.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGx 1448-2Ee3
- Outcome
- total dry matter (TDM)e3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- TGx 1019-2Ee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e3“TGx 1448-2E was shorter but produced more total dry matter (TDM) than TGx 1019-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety TGx 1448-2E gave higher grain yield than TGx 1019-2E, but the difference was not significant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGx 1448-2Ee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- TGx 1019-2Ee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e4“Although TGx 1448-2E produced higher grain yield than TGx 1019-2E, the difference was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure increased plant height, nodule dry weight and total dry matter compared with plots without FYM.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Application of FYMe5
- Outcome
- plant height nodule dry weight, TDMe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- plots without FYMe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e5“Application of FYM increased plant height nodule dry weight, TDM, 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectare”
e6“Application of 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure increased 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectare compared with plots without FYM.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Application of FYMe5
- Outcome
- 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectaree5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- plots without FYMe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e5“Application of FYM increased plant height nodule dry weight, TDM, 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectare”
e6“Application of 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 1 t/ha of FYMe6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 16.7%e6
- Comparator
- plots without FYMe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e6“Application of 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing FYM from 1 to 2 t/ha made no difference in grain yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing FYM to 2 t/hae7
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- no differencee7
- Comparator
- 1 t/hae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e6“Application of 1 t/ha of FYM increased grain yield by 16.7% compared with plots without FYM”
e7“but there was no difference by increasing FYM to 2 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application increased grain yield significantly.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- plots without Pe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e4“Phosphorus application increased grain yield significantly”
e5“application of 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 46.6% and 16.0% compared with plots without P and with 13.2 kg P/ha respectively when averaged over the three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 46.6% compared with plots without P, averaged over three years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of 26.4 kg P/hae5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 46.6%e5
- Qualifier
- when averaged over the three yearse5
- Comparator
- plots without Pe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e5“application of 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 46.6% and 16.0% compared with plots without P and with 13.2 kg P/ha respectively when averaged over the three years”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 16.0% compared with 13.2 kg P/ha, averaged over three years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of 26.4 kg P/hae5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 16.0%e5
- Qualifier
- when averaged over the three yearse5
- Comparator
- 13.2 kg P/hae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e5“application of 26.4 kg P/ha increased grain yield by 46.6% and 16.0% compared with plots without P and with 13.2 kg P/ha respectively when averaged over the three years”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no interactions between FYM and inorganic P on grain yield in any year.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- FYM and inorganic Pe6
- Outcome
- interactions between FYM and inorganic P on grain yielde6
- Direction
- no interactionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e6“There were no interactions between FYM and inorganic P on grain yield in any of the years”
Claim · model-written summary
1 t/ha of FYM or 26.4 kg P/ha produced similar grain yields to those above 2 t/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 1 t/ha of FYM or 26.4 kg P/hae6
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- above 2 t/hae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e6“1 t/ha of FYM or 26.4 kg P/ha produced similar grain yields above 2 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain yield responded optimally to P rates of 15.9 to 39.7 kg P/ha, giving yields of 1950.2 to 2665.4 kg/ha depending on soil fertility.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P rates ranging from 15.9 to 39.7 kg P/hae7
- Outcome
- grain yieldse7
- Value
- 1950.2 to 2665.4 kg/hae7
- Qualifier
- depending on the fertility status of the soile7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)”
e7“soybean responded optimally to P rates ranging from 15.9 to 39.7 kg P/ha for grain yields of 1950.2 to 2665.4 kg/ha depending on the fertility status of the soil”
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