Abstract
Defensins and defensin-like peptides are functionally diverse and commonly presented as an immune reaction between plant and pathogen. Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis as biological control agents, were inoculated into the soil, to suppress the activity of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani on tomato. The up-and down-regulated genes were examined in both treated and non-treated plants, using differential display technique. In treated plants, many up-regulated genes (21) with different molecular sizes, ranging from 50 to 7000 bp, were observed. Only four up-regulated genes were isolated from plants treated with B. subtilis+R. solani. The sequence analysis revealed that the identified genes were defensin genes; Amino Acid/Auxin Permease Family, Endopolygalacturonase PG1, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycosyl transferase. Moreover, chitinase gene, defensin genes (DF1 and DF2) were quantitatively determined using RT-PCR. The comparative expression level of the three induced genes was exponentially increased as a function of time, after the application of the biological control agents. However, while the expression levels of DF1 and DF2 were high in plants infected with either F. oxysporum or R. solani in the beginning of the experiment, the highest expression level of these genes was attained in the tomato plant treated with either T. viride or B. subtilis, after 24 hour post inoculation.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomato plants showed 21 up-regulated genes, compared with non-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilise1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee1biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- up-regulated genese2
- Direction
- up-regulatede2
- Value
- 21e2
- Comparator
- non-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e0“The up-and down-regulated genes were examined in both treated and non-treated plants, using differential display technique”
e1“Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis as biological control agents, were inoculated into the soil, to suppress the activity of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani on tomato”
e2“In treated plants, many up-regulated genes (21) with different molecular sizes, ranging from 50 to 7000 bp, were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Four up-regulated genes were isolated from tomato plants treated with B. subtilis and R. solani.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- up-regulated genese3
- Value
- foure3
- Qualifier
- plants treated with B. subtilis+R. solanie3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e3“Only four up-regulated genes were isolated from plants treated with B. subtilis+R. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified genes were defensin genes, with homology to an amino acid/auxin permease, endopolygalacturonase PG1, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycosyl transferase.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Amino Acid/Auxin Permease Family, Endopolygalacturonase PG1, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycosyl transferasee4
- Outcome
- identified genese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e4“The sequence analysis revealed that the identified genes were defensin genes; Amino Acid/Auxin Permease Family, Endopolygalacturonase PG1, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycosyl transferase”
Claim · model-written summary
The comparative expression level of the three induced genes increased exponentially over time after biocontrol agent application.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of the biological control agentse6
- Gene
- chitinase gene, defensin genes (DF1 and DF2)e5
- Outcome
- comparative expression levele6
- Direction
- exponentially increasede6
- Qualifier
- as a function of timee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e5“chitinase gene, defensin genes (DF1 and DF2) were quantitatively determined using RT-PCR”
e6“The comparative expression level of the three induced genes was exponentially increased as a function of time, after the application of the biological control agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression levels of DF1 and DF2 were high in tomato plants infected with F. oxysporum or R. solani at the beginning of the experiment.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infected with either F. oxysporum or R. solanie7
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume7pathogen - Second interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie7pathogen - Gene
- DF1 and DF2e7
- Outcome
- expression levelse7
- Direction
- were highe7
- Qualifier
- in the beginning of the experimente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e7“while the expression levels of DF1 and DF2 were high in plants infected with either F. oxysporum or R. solani in the beginning of the experiment, the highest expression level of these genes was attained in the tomato plant treated with either T. viride or B. subtilis, after 24 hour post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest DF1 and DF2 expression was attained in tomato plants treated with T. viride or B. subtilis, after 24 hours.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated with either T. viride or B. subtilise7
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee7biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise7biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- DF1 and DF2e7
- Outcome
- expression level of these genese7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Qualifier
- after 24 hour post inoculatione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plants”
e7“while the expression levels of DF1 and DF2 were high in plants infected with either F. oxysporum or R. solani in the beginning of the experiment, the highest expression level of these genes was attained in the tomato plant treated with either T. viride or B. subtilis, after 24 hour post inoculation”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.