Abstract
In vitro somatic embryogenesis was studied in composite maize cultivar, Gaurav by culturing imma- ture embryos. To obtain efficient callus, immature em- bryos were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 5 mgl -1 2,4-D and 2 mgl -1 NAA + 1 mgl -1 BAP under 16 hr photoperiod and 150 µmolm -2 s -1 light intensity at 28±2°C. Higher percentage of callus formation was reported in media containing 2,4-D. Longer duration of subculturing resulted in browning of calli and degradation of embry- oids. The overall frequency of embryogenesis ranged from 65-78% and frequency of green shoot formation ranged from 35-48%. In order to analyze the interactive effect of polyamines and GA3 on somatic embryogenesis, the proliferated calli were inoculated in MS medium sup- plemented with twenty seven combinations of polyamines (Putrescine, Spermine and Spermidine) and GA3. Higher concentration (150 µM) of Putrescine with GA3 (50-150 µM) was found to be most effective for in- ducing somatic embryogenesis. Though, spermine at low- er concentration (50 µM) with GA3 showed the drastic in- crease but putrescine at higher concentration was found comparatively more effective. Spermidine at varying con- centrations (50-150 µM) gave poor results only in combi- nation with lower concentration (50 µM) of GA3. It can be concluded that spermine at lower concentration (50µM), while putrescine only at higher concentration (150 µM) exhibited positive interaction with GA3 in terms of somat- ic embryogenesis. Present findings may be used as an ef- fective tool for advancing genetic purity of hybrids and composite maize cultivars production in future and also for studying the physiological and molecular aspects of genetic transformation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Media containing 2,4-D produced a higher percentage of callus formation.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher percentage of callus formation was reported in media containing 2,4-D.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer subculture caused callus browning.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longer duration of subculturing resulted in browning of calli and degradation of embry- oids.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer subculture degraded embryoids.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longer duration of subculturing resulted in browning of calli and degradation of embry- oids.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenesis frequency ranged from 65-78%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall frequency of embryogenesis ranged from 65-78%”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green shoot formation frequency ranged from 35-48%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“frequency of green shoot formation ranged from 35-48%”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine at 150 µM with GA3 at 50-150 µM was most effective for somatic embryogenesis.
- Treatment
- Putrescine with GA3 (50-150 µM)e0
- Outcome
- somatic embryogenesise0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 150 µMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentration (150 µM) of Putrescine with GA3 (50-150 µM) was found to be most effective for in- ducing somatic embryogenesis.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine at 50 µM with GA3 drastically increased somatic embryogenesis.
- Treatment
- spermine at low- er concentration (50 µM) with GA3e0
- Outcome
- drastic in- creasee0
- Direction
- in- creasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermine at low- er concentration (50 µM) with GA3 showed the drastic in- crease”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentration putrescine was more effective than spermine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“putrescine at higher concentration was found comparatively more effective”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine at 50-150 µM gave poor results with 50 µM GA3.
- Treatment
- Spermidine at varying con- centrations (50-150 µM)e0
- Outcome
- poor resultse0
- Qualifier
- lower concentration (50 µM) of GA3e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spermidine at varying con- centrations (50-150 µM) gave poor results only in combi- nation with lower concentration (50 µM) of GA3.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.