Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage, Faridabad, Haryana, India to study the weeds spectrum and weed control efficacy of different herbicides and their combinations in zero tilled sown wheat during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. During both the years the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS). However, it was found at par with hand weeding at 30 and 40 DAS. The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) 89.2 and 86.7 per cent was recorded from application of paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-D and two hand weeding, respectively in 2003-04. The corresponding WCE was 92.2 and 90.6 per cent during 2004-05. Net profit was also highest in the plots treated with paraquat + isoproturon + 2.4-D followed by the plots treated with paraquat 0.5 kg a.i. ha -1 two days before sowing. Weedy check realized the lowest net profit of Rs. 10518 (US$257) and Rs.4484 (US$109 ha 1 ) in 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat followed by isoproturon and 2,4-D gave the lowest weed population in zero-tilled wheat (2 to 5 weeds m -2) in both years.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)e2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- weed populatione2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Value
- 2 to 5 weeds m -2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same paraquat-based sequence gave the lowest weeds dry matter in zero-tilled wheat (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)e2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- weeds dry mattere2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Value
- 5.25 to 7.51 g m -2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same paraquat-based sequence gave the highest wheat yield (3850 and 3375 kg ha-1 in 2003-04 and 2004-05).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)e2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1e2
- Qualifier
- during 2003-04 and 2004-05e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat with isoproturon and 2,4-D gave the highest weed control efficiency, 89.2 per cent, in 2003-04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 89.2e4
- Qualifier
- in 2003-04e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e4“The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) 89.2 and 86.7 per cent was recorded from application of paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-D and two hand weeding, respectively in 2003-04.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weeding gave a weed control efficiency of 86.7 per cent in 2003-04, the second highest value reported.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge4
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency (WCE)e4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 86.7e4
- Qualifier
- in 2003-04e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e4“The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) 89.2 and 86.7 per cent was recorded from application of paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-D and two hand weeding, respectively in 2003-04.”
Claim · model-written summary
The corresponding weed control efficiency was 92.2 per cent for paraquat with isoproturon and 2,4-D in 2004-05.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- WCEe5
- Value
- 92.2e5
- Qualifier
- during 2004-05e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e4“The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) 89.2 and 86.7 per cent was recorded from application of paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-D and two hand weeding, respectively in 2003-04.”
e5“The corresponding WCE was 92.2 and 90.6 per cent during 2004-05.”
Claim · model-written summary
The corresponding weed control efficiency was 90.6 per cent for two hand weeding in 2004-05.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge4
- Outcome
- WCEe5
- Value
- 90.6e5
- Qualifier
- during 2004-05e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e4“The highest weed control efficiency (WCE) 89.2 and 86.7 per cent was recorded from application of paraquat + isoproturon + 2,4-D and two hand weeding, respectively in 2003-04.”
e5“The corresponding WCE was 92.2 and 90.6 per cent during 2004-05.”
Claim · model-written summary
Net profit was highest in plots treated with paraquat with isoproturon and 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- paraquat + isoproturon + 2.4-De6
- Outcome
- Net profite6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e6“Net profit was also highest in the plots treated with paraquat + isoproturon + 2.4-D followed by the plots treated with paraquat 0.5 kg a.i. ha -1 two days before sowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check had the lowest net profit, Rs. 10518 (US$257), in 2003-04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Weedy checke7
- Outcome
- net profite7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- Rs. 10518 (US$257)e7
- Qualifier
- in 2003-04e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e7“Weedy check realized the lowest net profit of Rs. 10518 (US$257) and Rs.4484 (US$109 ha 1 ) in 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check had the lowest net profit, Rs.4484 (US$109 ha-1), in 2004-05.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Weedy checke7
- Outcome
- net profite7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- Rs.4484 (US$109 ha 1 )e7
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the lowest weed population (2 to 5 weeds m -2 ), weeds dry matter (5.25 to 7.51 g m -2 ) and highest yield of 3850 and 3375 kg ha 1 during 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively of wheat was recorded from the treatments of paraquat 0.5 kg a.i.ha -1 two days before sowing followed by isoproturon 1.0 kg a.i.ha -1 and 2,4-D 0.5 kg ha -1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)”
e7“Weedy check realized the lowest net profit of Rs. 10518 (US$257) and Rs.4484 (US$109 ha 1 ) in 2003-04 and 2004-05, respectively.”
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