Abstract
This study investigated the effects of several calcium compounds on Phytophthora stem rot of soybean (Glycine max) and fungal growth and zoospore release of a Phytophthora sojae isolate in vitro. All concentrations of five formulated calcium products [Ca(COOH) 2 -A, Ca(COOH) 2 -B, Ca(COOH) 2 -C, CaSO 4 -A, and CaCl 2 -A] and two chemical compounds [CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ] applied prior to inoculation significantly suppressed disease incidence. Among all the products and chemicals, Ca(COOH) 2 -A was the most effective in suppressing the incidence of disease. In most cases, no significant relationship was observed between inhibition of growth rate in vitro and disease reduction in growth chamber tests. Therefore, disease suppression recorded in laboratory experiments using pathogen mycelium was likely due to the responses of plant tissues rather than the direct inhibition of pathogen fungal growth by the calcium compounds. The extent of disease reduction was related to increased calcium uptake by plants, suggesting that calcium was the effective element in reducing Phytophthora stem rot. Seedling tray experiments using zoospores indicated that the application of 10 mM Ca(COOH) 2 -A was more effective for reducing incidence of disease under growth chamber conditions, compared to other concentrations. The presence of 4 to 20 mM of all seven calcium solutions decreased the release of zoospores, although 0.4 mM of all compounds significantly increased zoospore release. Therefore, disease reduction in the growth-chamber experiments was due to the multiple effects of direct suppression on zoospore release and fungal growth in combination with the response of the host plant tissue to Ca(COOH) 2 -A.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All concentrations of five formulated calcium products and two chemical compounds applied before inoculation significantly suppressed disease incidence.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- five formulated calcium productse1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“All concentrations of five formulated calcium products [Ca(COOH) 2 -A, Ca(COOH) 2 -B, Ca(COOH) 2 -C, CaSO 4 -A, and CaCl 2 -A] and two chemical compounds [CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ] applied prior to inoculation significantly suppressed disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca(COOH)2-A was the most effective product in suppressing disease incidence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca(COOH) 2 -Ae1
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasee1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- all the products and chemicalse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Among all the products and chemicals, Ca(COOH) 2 -A was the most effective in suppressing the incidence of disease”
Claim · model-written summary
In most cases no significant relationship was observed between in vitro growth rate inhibition and disease reduction in growth chamber tests.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
- Direction
- no significant relationshipe1
- Setting
- growth chamber testse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“In most cases, no significant relationship was observed between inhibition of growth rate in vitro and disease reduction in growth chamber tests”
Claim · model-written summary
The extent of disease reduction was related to increased calcium uptake by plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- calciume1
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“The extent of disease reduction was related to increased calcium uptake by plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 10 mM Ca(COOH)2-A was more effective at reducing disease incidence under growth chamber conditions than other concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10 mM Ca(COOH) 2 -Ae1
- Outcome
- reducing incidence of diseasee1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- other concentrationse1
- Setting
- growth chamber conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“the application of 10 mM Ca(COOH) 2 -A was more effective for reducing incidence of disease under growth chamber conditions, compared to other concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
4 to 20 mM of all seven calcium solutions decreased zoospore release.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 4 to 20 mM of all seven calcium solutionse1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- release of zoosporese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“The presence of 4 to 20 mM of all seven calcium solutions decreased the release of zoospores”
e2“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
0.4 mM of all calcium compounds significantly increased zoospore release.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mM of all compoundse1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- zoospore releasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“0.4 mM of all compounds significantly increased zoospore release”
e2“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease suppression in lab experiments with mycelium was likely due to plant tissue responses rather than direct inhibition of fungal growth by calcium compounds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- calcium compoundse1
- Outcome
- disease suppressione1
- Qualifier
- likely due to the responses of plant tissuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“disease suppression recorded in laboratory experiments using pathogen mycelium was likely due to the responses of plant tissues rather than the direct inhibition of pathogen fungal growth by the calcium compounds”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →calcium atom · Phytophthora sojae · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.