Abstract
Field experiments in 2001 and 2002 at Stuttgart, AR, demonstrated cyhalofop applied POST controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass, and broadleaf signalgrass 67, 65, and 71%, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT). Halosulfuron applied 1 d before cyhalofop or applied in a tank-mixture reduced broadleaf signalgrass and propanil-resistant or propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass by 35 to 59 percentage points. Triclopyr applied 5, 3, or 1 d before, or mixed with, cyhalofop reduced control of propanil-resistant and propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, 16 to 41 percentage points, respectively. Triclopyr applied 1 d before cyhalofop or combined with cyhalofop reduced broadleaf signalgrass control 38 and 18 percentage points, respectively compared with cyhalofop alone. Propanil reduced cyhalofop grass control only when mixed with cyhalofop. Application timings, averaged across halosulfuron, propanil, and triclopyr, made 1 d before cyhalofop or tank-mixed with cyhalofop reduced grass control more compared with other application timings made before or after cyhalofop. Barnyardgrass absorption of 14C-cyhalofop alone or mixed with propanil was 86 and 75%, respectively, with 14C-cyhalofop translocation being reduced by 10-fold when propanil was mixed with cyhalofop. Reductions in cyhalofop translocation in combination with propanil may have partially explained the reductions in grass control observed in the field.Nomenclature: Cyhalofop; halosulfuron; triclopyr; propanil; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPP; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’.Additional index words: ACCase, application timing, herbicide absorption, herbicide translocation, herbicide interaction, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass.Abbreviations: ACCase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ALS, acetolactate synthase; COC, crop oil concentrate; DAT, days after treatment; HAE, hours after exposure; LSS, liquid scintillation spectrophotometry; PS, photosynthetic; SA, synthetic auxin.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cyhalofop controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass by 67% at 28 DAT.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- cyhalofop applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- propanil-susceptible barnyardgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- propanil-susceptible barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyhalofop applied POST controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass, and broadleaf signalgrass 67, 65, and 71%, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT)”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyhalofop controlled propanil-resistant barnyardgrass by 65% at 28 DAT.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- cyhalofop applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- propanil-resistant barnyardgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- propanil-resistant barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 65e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyhalofop applied POST controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass, and broadleaf signalgrass 67, 65, and 71%, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT)”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyhalofop controlled broadleaf signalgrass by 71% at 28 DAT.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- cyhalofop applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae0weed - Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyhalofop applied POST controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass, and broadleaf signalgrass 67, 65, and 71%, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT)”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron before or with cyhalofop reduced grass control by 35 to 59 percentage points.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Halosulfuron applied 1 d before cyhalofop or applied in a tank-mixturee0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae0weed
- Second interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass and propanil-resistant or propanil-susceptible barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35 to 59 percentage pointse0
- Comparator
- cyhalofope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halosulfuron applied 1 d before cyhalofop or applied in a tank-mixture reduced broadleaf signalgrass and propanil-resistant or propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass by 35 to 59 percentage points”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr before or with cyhalofop reduced barnyardgrass control by 16 to 41 percentage points.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Triclopyr applied 5, 3, or 1 d before, or mixed with, cyhalofope0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- control of propanil-resistant and propanil-susceptible barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16 to 41 percentage pointse0
- Comparator
- cyhalofope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr applied 5, 3, or 1 d before, or mixed with, cyhalofop reduced control of propanil-resistant and propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, 16 to 41 percentage points”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr one day before cyhalofop reduced signalgrass control by 38 percentage points.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Triclopyr applied 1 d before cyhalofope0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae0weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38e0
- Comparator
- cyhalofop alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr applied 1 d before cyhalofop or combined with cyhalofop reduced broadleaf signalgrass control 38 and 18 percentage points, respectively compared with cyhalofop alone”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr combined with cyhalofop reduced signalgrass control by 18 percentage points.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- combined with cyhalofope0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae0weed
- Outcome
- broadleaf signalgrass controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 percentage pointse0
- Comparator
- cyhalofop alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr applied 1 d before cyhalofop or combined with cyhalofop reduced broadleaf signalgrass control 38 and 18 percentage points, respectively compared with cyhalofop alone”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Propanil reduced cyhalofop grass control only when mixed with cyhalofop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Propanile0
- Outcome
- grass controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- only when mixed with cyhalofope0
- Comparator
- cyhalofope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propanil reduced cyhalofop grass control only when mixed with cyhalofop”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixing propanil with cyhalofop reduced barnyardgrass cyhalofop absorption from 86% to 75%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- mixed with propanile0
- Interactor
- BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- Barnyardgrass absorption of 14C-cyhalofope0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- 86e0
- Comparator
- 14C-cyhalofop alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barnyardgrass absorption of 14C-cyhalofop alone or mixed with propanil was 86 and 75%, respectively”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
Claim · model-written summary
Propanil mixed with cyhalofop reduced barnyardgrass cyhalofop translocation tenfold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- propanil was mixed with cyhalofope0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weed
- Outcome
- 14C-cyhalofop translocatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10-folde0
- Comparator
- cyhalofope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14C-cyhalofop translocation being reduced by 10-fold when propanil was mixed with cyhalofop”
e2“rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’”
e1“Barnyardgrass absorption of 14C-cyhalofop alone or mixed with propanil was 86 and 75%, respectively”
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Halosulfuron-methyl · Urochloa platyphylla · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.