Abstract
The tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most devastating pests worldwide. Current management of B. tabaci relies upon the frequent applications of insecticides. In addition to direct mortality by typical acute toxicity (lethal effect), insecticides may also impair various key biological traits of the exposed insects through physiological and behavioral sublethal effects. Identifying and characterizing such effects could be crucial for understanding the global effects of insecticides on the pest and therefore for optimizing its management in the crops. We assessed the effects of sublethal and low-lethal concentrations of four widely used insecticides on the fecundity, honeydew excretion and feeding behavior of B. tabaci adults. The probing activity of the whiteflies feeding on treated cotton seedlings was recorded by an Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG). The results showed that imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding even at sublethal concentrations. In addition, the honeydew excretions and fecundity levels of adults feeding on leaf discs treated with these concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated ones. While, sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan did not affect feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whitefly. We demonstrated an antifeedant effect of the imidacloprid and bifenthrin on B. tabaci, whereas behavioral changes in adults feeding on leaves treated with chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan were more likely caused by the direct effects of the insecticides on the insects' nervous system itself. Our results show that aside from the lethal effect, the sublethal concentration of imidacloprid and bifenthrin impairs the phloem feeding, i.e. the most important feeding trait in a plant protection perspective. Indeed, this antifeedant property would give these insecticides potential to control insect pests indirectly. Therefore, the behavioral effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and bifenthrin may play an important role in the control of whitefly pests by increasing the toxicity persistence in treated crops.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced whitefly phloem feeding at sublethal concentrations.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- imidaclopride0
- Interactor
- B. tabaci
Bemisia tabacie2pest - Outcome
- phloem feedinge0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding even at sublethal concentrations”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Bifenthrin reduced whitefly phloem feeding at sublethal concentrations.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- bifenthrine0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- phloem feedinge0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding even at sublethal concentrations”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
Claim · model-written summary
At sublethal concentrations, honeydew excretion and fecundity of whiteflies feeding on treated leaf discs were lower than untreated ones.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid and bifenthrine3
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- honeydew excretions and fecundity levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the honeydew excretions and fecundity levels of adults feeding on leaf discs treated with these concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated ones”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
e3“The results showed that imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal chlorpyrifos did not affect whitefly feeding behavior, honeydew excretion or fecundity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whiteflye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan did not affect feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whitefly”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal carbosulfan did not affect whitefly feeding behavior, honeydew excretion or fecundity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- carbosulfane0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whiteflye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan did not affect feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whitefly”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute behavioral changes under chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan to direct nervous system effects.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos and carbosulfane0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- behavioral changes in adultse0
- Qualifier
- direct effects of the insecticides on the insects' nervous system itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“behavioral changes in adults feeding on leaves treated with chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan were more likely caused by the direct effects of the insecticides on the insects' nervous system itself”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“B. tabaci adults”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest antifeedant effects of imidacloprid and bifenthrin could aid indirect pest control and persistence.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid and bifenthrine2
- Outcome
- potential to control insect pests indirectlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this antifeedant property would give these insecticides potential to control insect pests indirectly”
e1“treated cotton seedlings”
e2“imidacloprid and bifenthrin may play an important role in the control of whitefly pests by increasing the toxicity persistence in treated crops”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
bifenthrin · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
imidacloprid · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.