Abstract
Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to control various early season piercing and sucking pests. To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids, cotton seed were treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and sown in the field. Untreated seed were also sown as control treatment. The studies were continued for three years. During the study period, the population of B. tabaci remained below economic threshold level (6 leaf -1 ) in all the treatments upto 50 days after sowing. It was significantly lower in the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treated plots compared with untreated check plots during the same period. Parasitism in the treated plots was comparatively lower than untreated plots. During 2003, the seasonal mean percent parasitism in plot treated with imidacloprid was 12% less than untreated plots. During 2004 and 2005, the level of parasitism in imidacloprid plots was 23.8% and 21.9% less and in thiamethoxam it was 15.9% and 18.4% less compared with untreated check. Total parasitism in pooled data from these studies revealed that percent parasitism reduction in imidacloprid (19.2 %) and thiamethoxam (13.2%) was less compared with untreated. Comparatively, thiamethoxam proved less toxic to parasitoids compared with imidacloprid.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The whitefly population stayed below the economic threshold up to 50 days after sowing in all cotton seed treatments.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Interactor
- B. tabaci
Bemisia tabacie1pest - Outcome
- population of B. tabacie1
- Direction
- belowe1
- Qualifier
- upto 50 days after sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e1“the population of B. tabaci remained below economic threshold level (6 leaf -1 ) in all the treatments upto 50 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment significantly lowered the whitefly population compared with untreated check plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride2
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie1pest
- Outcome
- population of B. tabacie1
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- seed treated plotse2
- Comparator
- untreated check plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e1“the population of B. tabaci remained below economic threshold level (6 leaf -1 ) in all the treatments upto 50 days after sowing”
e2“It was significantly lower in the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treated plots compared with untreated check plots during the same period”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam seed treatment significantly lowered the whitefly population compared with untreated check plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame2
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie1pest
- Outcome
- population of B. tabacie1
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- seed treated plotse2
- Comparator
- untreated check plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e1“the population of B. tabaci remained below economic threshold level (6 leaf -1 ) in all the treatments upto 50 days after sowing”
e2“It was significantly lower in the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treated plots compared with untreated check plots during the same period”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitism of whitefly was lower in the seed-treated plots than in untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid and thiamethoxame0
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- Parasitisme4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- untreated plotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e4“Parasitism in the treated plots was comparatively lower than untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2003, imidacloprid reduced seasonal mean parasitism by 12% compared with untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride5
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- seasonal mean percent parasitisme5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Value
- 12%e5
- Qualifier
- During 2003e5
- Comparator
- untreated plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e5“During 2003, the seasonal mean percent parasitism in plot treated with imidacloprid was 12% less than untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2004, imidacloprid reduced parasitism by 23.8% compared with untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride6
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- level of parasitisme6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 23.8%e6
- Qualifier
- During 2004 and 2005e6
- Comparator
- untreated checke6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e6“During 2004 and 2005, the level of parasitism in imidacloprid plots was 23.8% and 21.9% less and in thiamethoxam it was 15.9% and 18.4% less compared with untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2005, imidacloprid reduced parasitism by 21.9% compared with untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride6
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- level of parasitisme6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 21.9%e6
- Qualifier
- During 2004 and 2005e6
- Comparator
- untreated checke6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e6“During 2004 and 2005, the level of parasitism in imidacloprid plots was 23.8% and 21.9% less and in thiamethoxam it was 15.9% and 18.4% less compared with untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2004, thiamethoxam reduced parasitism by 15.9% compared with untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame6
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- level of parasitisme6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 15.9%e6
- Qualifier
- During 2004 and 2005e6
- Comparator
- untreated checke6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e6“During 2004 and 2005, the level of parasitism in imidacloprid plots was 23.8% and 21.9% less and in thiamethoxam it was 15.9% and 18.4% less compared with untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2005, thiamethoxam reduced parasitism by 18.4% compared with untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame6
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- level of parasitisme6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 18.4%e6
- Qualifier
- During 2004 and 2005e6
- Comparator
- untreated checke6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e6“During 2004 and 2005, the level of parasitism in imidacloprid plots was 23.8% and 21.9% less and in thiamethoxam it was 15.9% and 18.4% less compared with untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
Pooled across years, imidacloprid reduced percent parasitism by 19.2% compared with untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride7
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- percent parasitism reductione7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Value
- 19.2 %e7
- Qualifier
- pooled data from these studiese7
- Comparator
- untreatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e7“Total parasitism in pooled data from these studies revealed that percent parasitism reduction in imidacloprid (19.2 %) and thiamethoxam (13.2%) was less compared with untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Pooled across years, thiamethoxam reduced percent parasitism by 13.2% compared with untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame7
- Interactor
- aphelinid parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- percent parasitism reductione7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Value
- 13.2%e7
- Qualifier
- pooled data from these studiese7
- Comparator
- untreatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e3“To assess the activity of these neonicotinoids against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their aphelinid parasitoids”
e7“Total parasitism in pooled data from these studies revealed that percent parasitism reduction in imidacloprid (19.2 %) and thiamethoxam (13.2%) was less compared with untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam was less toxic to parasitoids than imidacloprid.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame7
- Interactor
- parasitoidse7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxic to parasitoidse7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Comparator
- imidaclopride7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are being used for cotton seed treatment in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.”
e7“Comparatively, thiamethoxam proved less toxic to parasitoids compared with imidacloprid”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →thiamethoxam · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.