Abstract
Various insecticide use strategies including rotations, sequential use, and mixtures were evaluated experimentally on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields. Toxicological responses of adult B. tabaci were measured along with preimaginal densities and cotton yields from plots subjected to different insecticide regimens. Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes over ten consecutive weeks in four different trials failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots. There were, however, significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects. Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments in conjunction with higher susceptibility levels observed in the second year. Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan. Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities, with highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots. Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure. The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study support the trend observed in the southwestern USA of improved management of B. tabaci despite continuing intensive use of insecticides.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly monitoring over ten weeks in four trials found no significant differences in B. tabaci susceptibility between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor compared with control plots.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- sequential use and rotation regimense1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- susceptibility changese2
- Direction
- failed to detect significant differencese1
- Comparator
- control plotse1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots”
e2“Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes”
Claim · model-written summary
There were significant differences among study-site locations and between study years, and significant within-season time effects, in B. tabaci susceptibility monitoring.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- differences among study-site locations and between study yearse1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects”
Claim · model-written summary
All insecticide treatments gave better control of B. tabaci preimaginal densities than control plots, with higher susceptibility levels in the second year.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- insecticide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- preimaginal densitiese1
- Direction
- better controle1
- Comparator
- control plotse1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were lower in the rotation treatment than in sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos or amitraz.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- rotation treatmente1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- preimaginal densitiese1
- Direction
- Lowere1
- Comparator
- sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraze1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos or amitraz were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the bifenthrin + endosulfan mixture.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraze1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- less effectivee1
- Comparator
- sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfane1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- Cotton lint yieldse1
- Direction
- inversely relatede1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton lint yields were highest in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest in the control plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bifenthrin and mixture plotse1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- control plotse1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots was better under lower B. tabaci pressure.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- insecticide-treated plotse1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- Suppression of B. tabaci infestationse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressuree1
- Comparator
- untreated control plotse1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides increased in the study.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticidese1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Setting
- California and Arizonae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields”
e1“The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study”
The same questions in other papers
amitraz · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
endosulfan · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
chlorpyrifos · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
bifenthrin · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
insecticide · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.