Abstract
This article studied the effects of nitrogen (N) and CO2 enrichment on biomass and N accumulation and partitioning of cucumber grown in open top chambers. At the seedling stage, elevated CO2 increased the biomass and N content of the entire plant. The root had the largest increase in biomass and N content among the organs and more biomass allocation. The largest drops of N concentration showed in root at moderate and high N, in leaf at low N, respectively. Elevated CO2 increased stem biomass allocation at moderate and high N, but decreased leaf biomass allocation at all N levels. At the initial fruit stage, the response to elevated CO2 of biomass and N content decreased. Elevated CO2 increased biomass allocation to leaf and resulted in the largest drop of leaf N concentration at low and moderate N supply. High N supply promoted biomass production and N reallocation from the leaf to fruit, but decreased leaf biomass allocation. Thus, biomass allocation is initially affected by root–shoot growth balance to adapt to enriched CO2, leading to the largest root growth, then biomass allocates to another sink (stem). Long exposure of elevated CO2 results in photosynthetic acclimation in deficient N supply, which probably attributes to excessive stem and leaf biomass allocation and shortage of fruit storage. But high N shifts biomass allocation from leaf to fruit. Practically, sufficient N supply is needed for an efficient transport of carbohydrates to fruits and increases the yields under elevated CO2.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased whole-plant biomass and N content at the seedling stage.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- biomass and N contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the seedling stage, elevated CO2 increased the biomass and N content of the entire plant.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots showed the largest biomass and N-content increases and greater biomass allocation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- biomass and N contente0
- Direction
- largest increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root had the largest increase in biomass and N content among the organs and more biomass allocation.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Root N concentration dropped most at moderate and high N.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- largest dropse0
- Qualifier
- moderate and high Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest drops of N concentration showed in root at moderate and high N, in leaf at low N, respectively.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N concentration dropped most at low N.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- largest dropse0
- Qualifier
- low Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest drops of N concentration showed in root at moderate and high N, in leaf at low N, respectively.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased stem biomass allocation at moderate and high N.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- stem biomass allocatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- moderate and high Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 increased stem biomass allocation at moderate and high N, but decreased leaf biomass allocation at all N levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased leaf biomass allocation at all N levels.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- leaf biomass allocatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- all N levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 increased stem biomass allocation at moderate and high N, but decreased leaf biomass allocation at all N levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass and N-content responses to elevated CO2 decreased at initial fruit stage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- initial fruit stagee0
- Outcome
- response to elevated CO2 of biomass and N contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the initial fruit stage, the response to elevated CO2 of biomass and N content decreased.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf biomass allocation at initial fruit stage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- biomass allocation to leafe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 increased biomass allocation to leaf and resulted in the largest drop of leaf N concentration at low and moderate N supply.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 caused the largest leaf N-concentration drop at low and moderate N supply.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- leaf N concentratione0
- Direction
- largest drope0
- Qualifier
- low and moderate N supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 increased biomass allocation to leaf and resulted in the largest drop of leaf N concentration at low and moderate N supply.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
High N promoted biomass production and N reallocation from leaves to fruit.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- High N supplye0
- Outcome
- biomass production and N reallocation from the leaf to fruite0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N supply promoted biomass production and N reallocation from the leaf to fruit, but decreased leaf biomass allocation.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
High N decreased leaf biomass allocation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- High N supplye0
- Outcome
- leaf biomass allocatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N supply promoted biomass production and N reallocation from the leaf to fruit, but decreased leaf biomass allocation.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Root–shoot balance initially governs allocation under enriched CO2, producing greatest root growth before allocation to stems.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- biomass allocatione0
- Qualifier
- root–shoot growth balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, biomass allocation is initially affected by root–shoot growth balance to adapt to enriched CO2, leading to the largest root growth, then biomass allocates to another sink (stem).”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Long elevated-CO2 exposure causes photosynthetic acclimation at deficient N, probably through excessive stem and leaf allocation and insufficient fruit storage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Long exposure of elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimatione0
- Qualifier
- probably attributes to excessive stem and leaf biomass allocation and shortage of fruit storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long exposure of elevated CO2 results in photosynthetic acclimation in deficient N supply, which probably attributes to excessive stem and leaf biomass allocation and shortage of fruit storage.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
High N shifts allocation from leaves to fruit.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- high Ne0
- Outcome
- biomass allocation from leaf to fruite0
- Direction
- shiftse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But high N shifts biomass allocation from leaf to fruit.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Sufficient N is recommended to transport carbohydrates efficiently to fruit and increase yields under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- sufficient N supplye0
- Qualifier
- under elevated CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Practically, sufficient N supply is needed for an efficient transport of carbohydrates to fruits and increases the yields under elevated CO2.”
t0“cucumber”
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