Abstract
Growth of cucumber plant is suppressed with increase of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In the present study, effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on growth of cucumber was investigated.(1) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, gas mixtures containing 0-30% CO2 were supplied into the rhizosphere at temperature of 15°C, 20°C and 30°C.As a result, when CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%, photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment decreased to 70% and 90% at 15°C and 20°C, respectively, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. Furthermore, after 8 hours it decreased to 70% even at 20°C. Thus, the temperature was low, the suppression of the photosynthetic rate by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere occurred earlier and was more serious.Effects of CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere on transpiration rates at 15°C, 20°C and 30°C were similar to those on photosynthetic rates.(2) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the growth of cucumber plants, growth rates were investigated at 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, by supplying rhizospheres with fresh air or air containing 2% CO2.Eleven days after the treatment, dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2 decreased by 12% and 10% at 20°C and 25°C, respectively, when compared to the fresh air treatment, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. As the temperature became lower, the growth was more seriously suppressed by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere.(3) The suppression of plant growth was recovered by the forced aeration of fresh air into the soil because of the reduction of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In order to investigate how much the effect of forced aeration depended on temperature, cucumber was cultivated at 23°C and 28°C, with or without aeration of fresh air into soil.Fifteen days after the beginning of the treatment, CO2 concentration in soil without aeration was 0.4-1.2%. On the other hand, that in soil with aeration was only 0.06%. Dry weight of a whole plant cultivated at 23°C with aeration was greater than that cultivated without aeration by 26%, while it was 11% at 28°C. It was proved that the forced aeration into the rhizosphere showed a remarkable effect on plant growth when the temperature was low.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 15°C and 30% rhizosphere CO2, cucumber photosynthesis after two hours decreased to 70%.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%, photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment decreased to 70% and 90% at 15°C and 20°C, respectively”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20°C and 30% rhizosphere CO2, photosynthesis after two hours decreased to 90%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%, photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment decreased to 70% and 90% at 15°C and 20°C, respectively”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30°C photosynthesis decreased only slightly after two hours.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%e2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it decreased slightly at 30°C. Furthermore”
t0“growth of cucumber”
e1“photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment”
e2“CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20°C, photosynthesis decreased to 70% after eight hours.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- decreased to 70%e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 8 hours it decreased to 70% even at 20°C”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower temperatures made CO2 suppression of photosynthesis earlier and more severe.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichment in the rhizospheree0
- Outcome
- suppression of the photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- more seriouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the temperature was low, the suppression of the photosynthetic rate by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere occurred earlier and was more serious”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration responses to rhizosphere CO2 at the three temperatures resembled photosynthetic responses.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichment in the rhizospheree0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere on transpiration rates at 15°C, 20°C and 30°C were similar to those on photosynthetic rates”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20°C, 2% rhizosphere CO2 lowered whole plant dry weight by 12% relative to fresh air.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- air containing 2% CO2e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of a whole plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- fresh air treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2 decreased by 12% and 10% at 20°C and 25°C, respectively, when compared to the fresh air treatment”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25°C, 2% rhizosphere CO2 lowered whole plant dry weight by 10% relative to fresh air.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- air containing 2% CO2e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of a whole plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- 25°Ce0
- Comparator
- fresh air treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2 decreased by 12% and 10% at 20°C and 25°C, respectively, when compared to the fresh air treatment”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30°C, 2% rhizosphere CO2 lowered dry weight slightly.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- air containing 2% CO2e1
- Outcome
- dry weight of a whole plante1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it decreased slightly at 30°C. As the temperature”
t0“growth of cucumber”
e1“dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower temperature increased CO2 suppression of cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichment in the rhizospheree0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- more seriously suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the temperature became lower, the growth was more seriously suppressed by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh air aeration reduced soil CO2 to 0.06%, versus 0.4-1.2% without aeration.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- aeratione0
- Outcome
- CO2 concentration in soile0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 0.06%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.4-1.2%e0
- Comparator
- without aeratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 concentration in soil without aeration was 0.4-1.2%. On the other hand, that in soil with aeration was only 0.06%”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23°C, aeration increased whole plant dry weight by 26% relative to no aeration.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- aeratione0
- Outcome
- Dry weight of a whole plante0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Qualifier
- 23°Ce0
- Comparator
- without aeratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight of a whole plant cultivated at 23°C with aeration was greater than that cultivated without aeration by 26%”
t0“growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28°C, aeration increased whole plant dry weight by 11%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- growth of cucumbert0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- 28°Ce0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it was 11% at 28°C”
t0“growth of cucumber”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.