Abstract
A five-year cotton–wheat rotation field experiment was conducted on two alkaline-calcareous soils, i.e., Awagat (coarse loamy) and Shahpur (fine silty), to investigate the impact of integrated nutrient and crop residue management on soil and crop productivity. Apparent nitrogen (N) balances were developed. Minimum five-year mean yield (Mg ha−1), obtained with Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU) treatment was: cotton – Awagat, 2.19; Shahpur, 2.45; wheat – Awagat, 3.03; Shahpur, 3.94. With Balance Nutrient Management (BNM), yields increased (P ≤ 0.05) for cotton, 24% in Awagat and 18% in Shahpur soil; and wheat, 37% in Awagat and 24% in Shahpur soil. Maximum crop yields were obtained with Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), i.e., 3–5% higher than with BNM. Crop residue recycling increased the yields further, cotton by 2−7% and wheat by 2–10%. All nutrient management treatments, except for FFU without crop residue recycling, resulted in positive apparent N balances. INM improved SOM and NO3-N, contents.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
FFU cotton yield averaged 2.19 Mg ha−1 in Awagat soil.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU)e0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Value
- 2.19e0
- Setting
- Awagate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum five-year mean yield (Mg ha−1), obtained with Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU) treatment was: cotton – Awagat, 2.19; Shahpur, 2.45; wheat – Awagat, 3.03; Shahpur, 3.94.”
Claim · model-written summary
FFU cotton yield averaged 2.45 Mg ha−1 in Shahpur soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU)e0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Value
- 2.45e0
- Setting
- Shahpure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum five-year mean yield (Mg ha−1), obtained with Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU) treatment was: cotton – Awagat, 2.19; Shahpur, 2.45; wheat – Awagat, 3.03; Shahpur, 3.94.”
Claim · model-written summary
FFU wheat yield averaged 3.03 Mg ha−1 in Awagat soil.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU)e0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Value
- 3.03e0
- Setting
- Awagate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum five-year mean yield (Mg ha−1), obtained with Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU) treatment was: cotton – Awagat, 2.19; Shahpur, 2.45; wheat – Awagat, 3.03; Shahpur, 3.94.”
Claim · model-written summary
FFU wheat yield averaged 3.94 Mg ha−1 in Shahpur soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU)e0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Value
- 3.94e0
- Setting
- Shahpure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum five-year mean yield (Mg ha−1), obtained with Farmers’ Fertilizer Use (FFU) treatment was: cotton – Awagat, 2.19; Shahpur, 2.45; wheat – Awagat, 3.03; Shahpur, 3.94.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNM raised cotton yield 24% in Awagat soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Balance Nutrient Management (BNM)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Setting
- Awagate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With Balance Nutrient Management (BNM), yields increased (P ≤ 0.05) for cotton, 24% in Awagat and 18% in Shahpur soil; and wheat, 37% in Awagat and 24% in Shahpur soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNM raised cotton yield 18% in Shahpur soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Balance Nutrient Management (BNM)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Setting
- Shahpure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With Balance Nutrient Management (BNM), yields increased (P ≤ 0.05) for cotton, 24% in Awagat and 18% in Shahpur soil; and wheat, 37% in Awagat and 24% in Shahpur soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNM raised wheat yield 37% in Awagat soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Balance Nutrient Management (BNM)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Setting
- Awagate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With Balance Nutrient Management (BNM), yields increased (P ≤ 0.05) for cotton, 24% in Awagat and 18% in Shahpur soil; and wheat, 37% in Awagat and 24% in Shahpur soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNM raised wheat yield 24% in Shahpur soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Balance Nutrient Management (BNM)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Setting
- Shahpure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With Balance Nutrient Management (BNM), yields increased (P ≤ 0.05) for cotton, 24% in Awagat and 18% in Shahpur soil; and wheat, 37% in Awagat and 24% in Shahpur soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM gave maximum crop yields, 3–5% above BNM.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)e0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3–5%e0
- Comparator
- BNMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum crop yields were obtained with Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), i.e., 3–5% higher than with BNM.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue recycling increased cotton yield by 2−7%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Crop residue recyclinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2−7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop residue recycling increased the yields further, cotton by 2−7% and wheat by 2–10%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue recycling increased wheat yield by 2–10%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Crop residue recyclinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2–10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop residue recycling increased the yields further, cotton by 2−7% and wheat by 2–10%.”
Claim · model-written summary
All nutrient management treatments except FFU without residue recycling produced positive apparent N balances.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- apparent N balancese0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- except for FFU without crop residue recyclinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All nutrient management treatments, except for FFU without crop residue recycling, resulted in positive apparent N balances.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
INM improved soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- SOMe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INM improved SOM and NO3-N, contents.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
INM improved soil nitrate content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- NO3-N, contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INM improved SOM and NO3-N, contents.”
t0“COTTON”
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