Abstract
High wheat yields require good N fertilization management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N applications at sowing using Entec (N source with nitrification inhibitor) and urea (traditional N source) at covering, on four wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four replications, at the Experimental Station of the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, on a dystrophic, epi-eutrophic alic Red Latosol with loamy texture, formerly under savannah vegetation. Four N rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) were tested, applied at sowing in the case of Entec and top-dressed 40 days after plant emergence in the case of urea, and the four wheat cultivars E 21, E 22, E 42, and IAC 370. The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest. Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield. There was no significant difference between Entec (applied at sowing) and urea (top-dressed) in terms of grain yield and yield components. Nevertheless, urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets. High nitrogen rates influenced the hectoliter mass negatively, affecting wheat grain quality. Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
E 21 had among the highest wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- E 21e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
E 42 had among the highest wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E 42e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
E 22 had the greatest plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E 22e0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
E 22 had the greatest lodging index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E 22e0
- Outcome
- lodging indexe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
E 22 had the lowest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E 22e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Entec at sowing and top-dressed urea did not differ significantly in grain yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Entec (applied at sowing)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- urea (top-dressed)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference between Entec (applied at sowing) and urea (top-dressed) in terms of grain yield and yield components.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea produced higher leaf N content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- N leaf contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Entece0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Entec produced more undeveloped spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Entece0
- Outcome
- number of undeveloped spikeletse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen rates reduced hectoliter mass and grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- hectoliter masse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High nitrogen rates influenced the hectoliter mass negatively, affecting wheat grain quality.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased up to 82 kg ha-1 N with Entec at sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Entec applied at sowinge0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82 kg ha-1 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased up to 82 kg ha-1 N with top-dressed urea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- top-dressed ureae0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82 kg ha-1 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.”
t0“wheat”
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