Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum encodes a family of seven type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors that contain both a leucine-rich repeat and an F-box domain. This structure is reminiscent of a class of typical eukaryotic proteins called F-box proteins. The latter, together with Skp1 and Cullin1 subunits, constitute the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and control specific protein ubiquitinylation. In the eukaryotic cell, depending on the nature of the polyubiquitin chain, the ubiquitin-tagged proteins either see their properties modified or are doomed for degradation by the 26S proteasome. This pathway is essential to many developmental processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling and flower development to stress responses. Here, we show that these previously undescribed T3SS effectors are putative bacterial F-box proteins capable of interacting with a subset of the 19 different Arabidopsis Skp1-like proteins like bona fide Arabidopsis F-box proteins. A R. solanacearum strain in which all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutated was no longer pathogenic on Arabidopsis and less virulent on tomato. Furthermore, we found that GALA7 is a host-specificity factor, required for disease on Medicago truncatula plants. Our results indicate that the GALA T3SS effectors are essential to R. solanacearum to control disease. Because the F-box domain is essential to the virulence function of GALA7, we hypothesize that these effectors act by hijacking their host SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases to interfere with their host ubiquitin/proteasome pathway to promote disease.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The GALA effectors of Ralstonia solanacearum are capable of interacting with a subset of the 19 Arabidopsis Skp1-like proteins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- interacting with a subset of the 19 different Arabidopsis Skp1-like proteinse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“capable of interacting with a subset of the 19 different Arabidopsis Skp1-like proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
A GALA-deleted or -mutated R. solanacearum strain was no longer pathogenic on Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Material
- strain in which all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutatede2
- Treatment
- all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutatede2
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume2pathogen
- Gene
- GALAe2
- Outcome
- pathogenice2
- Direction
- no longere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A R. solanacearum strain in which all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutated was no longer pathogenic on Arabidopsis and less virulent on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The GALA-deleted or -mutated R. solanacearum strain was less virulent on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutatede2
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume2pathogen
- Gene
- GALAe2
- Outcome
- virulente2
- Direction
- lesse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A R. solanacearum strain in which all of the seven GALA effector genes have been deleted or mutated was no longer pathogenic on Arabidopsis and less virulent on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GALA7 of Ralstonia solanacearum is a host-specificity factor required for disease on Medicago truncatula.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatula
Medicago truncatulae3 - Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- GALA7e3
- Outcome
- diseasee3
- Qualifier
- host-specificity factore3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“GALA7 is a host-specificity factor, required for disease on Medicago truncatula plants”
e0“The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
The F-box domain is essential to the virulence function of GALA7 in the Medicago truncatula assays.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae3
- Gene
- GALA7e4
- Outcome
- virulence function of GALA7e4
- Qualifier
- F-box domain is essential to the virulence functione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Because the F-box domain is essential to the virulence function of GALA7”
e3“GALA7 is a host-specificity factor, required for disease on Medicago truncatula plants”
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