Abstract
Two-year’s study was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc fertilization and salinity created by NaCl and NaNO3 on the fate of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in soil and their contents in wheat grain grown in a cadmium polluted soil. Increasing NaCl rates increased total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, CdCl+, CdHCO3+, and CdCl2O concentrations in soil solution, whereas no such effects were found for the NaNO3 treatments. Higher salt content of saline irrigation water decreased total zinc (Zn) and free Zn2+ concentrations in soil solution and also reduced Zn concentration in the wheat grain. Zinc fertilization enhanced grain Zn contents but reduced that of Cd. Increasing salt concentration in irrigation water decreased plant dry matter and grain number per ear head especially, when no zinc was applied. Application of zinc had positive effects on the salt tolerance of plant and increased dry matter yield and grain number per ear head. Chloride mobilizes soil Cd and increased its bio-availability; therefore, higher Cd in wheat grain is mainly attributed to increased soil Cl concentration with the use of NaCl irrigation water. The results indicated that Zn application reduces Cd concentration in grain produced on Cd polluted soils. Key words: Salinity, zinc fertilization, wheat, cadmium (Cd) polluted soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl rates increased total Cd, Cd2+ and CdCl+ concentrations in the soil solution of the wheat experiment.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Increasing NaCl ratese0
- Outcome
- total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, CdCl+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Increasing NaCl rates increased total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, CdCl+, CdHCO3+, and CdCl2O concentrations in soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl rates increased CdHCO3+ and CdCl2O concentrations in the soil solution of the wheat experiment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing NaCl ratese0
- Outcome
- CdHCO3+, and CdCl2O concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Increasing NaCl rates increased total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, CdCl+, CdHCO3+, and CdCl2O concentrations in soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
NaNO3 treatments did not produce the increase in Cd species concentrations in soil solution seen with NaCl.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaNO3 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- concentrations in soil solutione0
- Direction
- no such effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Increasing NaCl rates increased total cadmium (Cd), Cd2+, CdCl+, CdHCO3+, and CdCl2O concentrations in soil solution, whereas no such effects were found for the NaNO3 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salt content of saline irrigation water decreased total Zn and free Zn2+ concentrations in the soil solution.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Higher salt content of saline irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- total zinc (Zn) and free Zn2+ concentrations in soil solutione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Higher salt content of saline irrigation water decreased total zinc (Zn) and free Zn2+ concentrations in soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salt content of saline irrigation water reduced Zn concentration in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Higher salt content of saline irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in the wheat graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Higher salt content of saline irrigation water decreased total zinc (Zn) and free Zn2+ concentrations in soil solution and also reduced Zn concentration in the wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization enhanced grain Zn contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain Zn contentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Zinc fertilization enhanced grain Zn contents but reduced that of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application reduced Cd concentration in grain produced on Cd polluted soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in graine0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Setting
- Cd polluted soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Zn application reduces Cd concentration in grain produced on Cd polluted soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt concentration in irrigation water decreased plant dry matter and grain number per ear head, especially when no zinc was applied.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing salt concentration in irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- plant dry matter and grain number per ear heade0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- especially, when no zinc was appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Increasing salt concentration in irrigation water decreased plant dry matter and grain number per ear head especially, when no zinc was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of zinc had positive effects on the salt tolerance of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of zince0
- Outcome
- salt tolerance of plante0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Application of zinc had positive effects on the salt tolerance of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of zinc increased dry matter yield and grain number per ear head of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of zince0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield and grain number per ear heade0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Application of zinc had positive effects on the salt tolerance of plant and increased dry matter yield and grain number per ear head”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride mobilizes soil Cd and increases its bio-availability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- Chloridee0
- Outcome
- bio-availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Chloride mobilizes soil Cd and increased its bio-availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd in wheat grain is mainly attributed to increased soil Cl concentration with the use of NaCl irrigation water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCl irrigation watere0
- Compound
- Cle0
- Outcome
- higher Cd in wheat graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Cd in wheat grain is mainly attributed to increased soil Cl concentration with the use of NaCl irrigation water”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.