Abstract
Soil salinity has been shown to significantly increase cadmium (Cd) concentrations in crops grown on soils fertilised with phosphatic fertilisers containing Cd. However, the effect of soil salinity on plant availability of Cd derived from biosolids is unknown. This paper reports the influence of increasing chloride (Cl) (NaCl) concentrations in soil solution on the phytoavailability of Cd in soils amended with biosolids (equivalent to 50 t/ha). Wheat ( Triticum aestivum cv. Halberd) and Swiss chard ( Beta vulgaris cv. Foodhook Giant) were grown in biosolids-amended soil and watered daily with a dilute NaCl solution (0–27.4 mМ). After 30 days, plant shoots were analysed for Cd and soil solution was displaced. Major cations and anions in soil solution were determined and Cd speciation was calculated with the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. Cadmium concentrations in soil solution and shoots of wheat and Swiss chard plants increased linearly with increasing Cl concentration in soil solution of the biosolids-amended soil. The activity of CdCl+ species correlated best with the Cd uptake of both plant species. Increases in shoot Cd concentrations were unrelated or only weakly correlated to the activity of the free Cd2+ ion in solution. It was concluded that chloro-complexation of Cd increased the phytoavailability of Cd in biosolids-amended soil.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentrations in wheat shoots increased linearly with increasing chloride from NaCl in biosolids-amended soil.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- NaCle2
- Outcome
- Cadmium concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- biosolids-amended soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard”
e1“Cadmium concentrations in soil solution and shoots of wheat and Swiss chard plants increased linearly with increasing Cl concentration in soil solution of the biosolids-amended soil”
e2“watered daily with a dilute NaCl solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentrations in Swiss chard shoots increased linearly with increasing chloride from NaCl in biosolids-amended soil.
- Taxon
- Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Treatment
- NaCle2
- Outcome
- Cadmium concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- biosolids-amended soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard”
e1“Cadmium concentrations in soil solution and shoots of wheat and Swiss chard plants increased linearly with increasing Cl concentration in soil solution of the biosolids-amended soil”
e2“watered daily with a dilute NaCl solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of CdCl+ in soil solution correlated best with Cd uptake by wheat and Swiss chard.
- Taxon
- wheat and Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarisTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- CdCl+ speciese3
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee3
- Direction
- correlatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard”
e3“The activity of CdCl+ species correlated best with the Cd uptake of both plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd concentrations in wheat and Swiss chard were unrelated or weakly correlated to free Cd2+ activity in solution.
- Taxon
- wheat and Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarisTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- free Cd2+ ione4
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentrationse4
- Direction
- unrelatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard”
e4“Increases in shoot Cd concentrations were unrelated or only weakly correlated to the activity of the free Cd2+ ion in solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloro-complexation of Cd increased its phytoavailability in biosolids-amended soil.
- Taxon
- wheat and Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarisTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- phytoavailability of Cde5
- Qualifier
- chloro-complexation of Cde5
- Setting
- biosolids-amended soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salinity increases cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss chard”
e5“It was concluded that chloro-complexation of Cd increased the phytoavailability of Cd in biosolids-amended soil”
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