Abstract
Robinson, M. A., Cowbrough, M. J., Sikkema, P. H. and Tardif, F. J. 2013. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to mixtures of herbicides and fungicides applied at different timings. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 491–501. Farmers commonly tank-mix herbicides and fungicides to reduce application costs. In the spring of 2008, there were reports of winter wheat injury with the application of herbicide–fungicide tank-mixes early in the growing season. This study was established to determine the tolerance of winter wheat to herbicide–fungicide mixtures as influenced by time of application. Field studies were conducted at four Ontario locations in 2009 and 2010 with three herbicides and four fungicides. Herbicide–fungicide tank-mixes were applied early, under cold conditions, and late at growth stage Zadoks 37–39. Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazole caused up to 15% injury when applied early and up to 29% injury when applied late. Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazole injured wheat up to 15% when applied early but only 10% when applied late. Other herbicide and fungicide mixes caused a lower level of injury. Visible injury was transient and did not reduce winter wheat yields. The likelihood of tank-mixes causing injury was greater when they were applied late. The fungicide tebuconazole caused the highest level of injury when mixed with herbicides and injury was particularly high with dichlorprop/2,4-D.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Early dichlorprop/2,4-D plus tebuconazole caused up to 15% wheat injury.
- Taxon
- Winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- when applied earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazole caused up to 15% injury when applied early”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late dichlorprop/2,4-D plus tebuconazole caused up to 29% wheat injury.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Qualifier
- when applied latee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazole caused up to 15% injury when applied early and up to 29% injury when applied late.”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early bromoxynil/MPCA plus tebuconazole injured wheat up to 15%.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- injured wheate0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- when applied earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazole injured wheat up to 15% when applied early”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late bromoxynil/MPCA plus tebuconazole injured wheat up to 10%.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- injured wheate0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- when applied latee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazole injured wheat up to 15% when applied early but only 10% when applied late.”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other mixes caused less injury.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Other herbicide and fungicide mixese0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other herbicide and fungicide mixes caused a lower level of injury.”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Visible injury was transient.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Visible injury was transiente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible injury was transient and did not reduce winter wheat yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank-mix injury did not reduce winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Visible injurye0
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible injury was transient and did not reduce winter wheat yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank-mix injury was more likely with late application.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tank-mixese0
- Outcome
- likelihood of tank-mixes causing injurye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- when they were applied latee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The likelihood of tank-mixes causing injury was greater when they were applied late.”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole with herbicides caused the highest injury, especially with dichlorprop/2,4-D.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- particularly high with dichlorprop/2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicide tebuconazole caused the highest level of injury when mixed with herbicides and injury was particularly high with dichlorprop/2,4-D.”
t0“Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →2,4-D · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →dichlorprop · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.