Abstract
Mixed and compound fertilizers made from superphosphate and manganous sulphate were compared in field experiments as sources of manganese for barley on the calcareous soils of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The compound fertilizers were made by blending manganous sulphate with 'den-fresh' superphosphate before the granulation process: mixed fertilizers were made by mixing the components after manufacture. The fertilizers were applied at sowing at rates of 19 kg haw1P and 16 kg haelMn in one experiment and 28 kg ha-1 P and 6 kg ha-1 Mn in a second experiment. In the latter, up to three foliar sprays of manganous sulphate (1.3 kg ha-1 Mn per spray) were applied in addition. The rate at which the fertilizers reacted with the soil was studied in an incubation experiment, and the nutrient content of particle-size fractions of the fertilizers was also determined. Plant dry weight, manganese and phosphorus uptake, and grain yield were increased to a greater extent by application of the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer. Application of compound fertilizers at sowing also delayed the appearance of manganese deficiency symptoms in crops by two weeks compared with mixed fertilizers. Neither fertilizer prevented the occurrence of manganese deficiency and further yield increases were obtained by subsequent foliar sprays of manganous sulphate. Fertilizer manganese was rapidly immobilized in the soil. After 167 hours' incubation, approximately three quarters of that added in manganous sulphate, and in the mixed and compound fertilizers was not extractable in divalent form. The variation in nutrient content of particle size fractions of a compound fertilizer was much less than that in a mixed fertilizer.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Barley plant dry weight was increased to a greater extent by the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- compound fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Plant dry weighte1
- Direction
- increased to a greater extente1
- Comparator
- mixed fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Plant dry weight, manganese and phosphorus uptake, and grain yield were increased to a greater extent by application of the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley manganese and phosphorus uptake were increased to a greater extent by the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- compound fertilizere1
- Outcome
- manganese and phosphorus uptakee1
- Direction
- increased to a greater extente1
- Comparator
- mixed fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Plant dry weight, manganese and phosphorus uptake, and grain yield were increased to a greater extent by application of the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain yield was increased to a greater extent by the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- compound fertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increased to a greater extente1
- Comparator
- mixed fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Plant dry weight, manganese and phosphorus uptake, and grain yield were increased to a greater extent by application of the compound fertilizer than by the mixed fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound fertilizer applied at sowing delayed the appearance of manganese deficiency symptoms in crops by two weeks compared with mixed fertilizers.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- compound fertilizers at sowinge1
- Outcome
- appearance of manganese deficiency symptomse1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- two weekse1
- Comparator
- mixed fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Application of compound fertilizers at sowing also delayed the appearance of manganese deficiency symptoms in crops by two weeks compared with mixed fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither the compound nor the mixed fertilizer prevented the occurrence of manganese deficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- occurrence of manganese deficiencye1
- Qualifier
- Neither fertilizer preventede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“Neither fertilizer prevented the occurrence of manganese deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent foliar sprays of manganous sulphate gave further yield increases.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- foliar sprays of manganous sulphatee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e1“further yield increases were obtained by subsequent foliar sprays of manganous sulphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer manganese was rapidly immobilized in the soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Fertilizer manganese was rapidly immobilized in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
After 167 hours' incubation, approximately three quarters of the manganese added as manganous sulphate or in the mixed and compound fertilizers was not extractable in divalent form.
- Outcome
- not extractable in divalent forme1
- Value
- approximately three quarterse1
- Qualifier
- After 167 hours' incubatione1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“After 167 hours' incubation, approximately three quarters of that added in manganous sulphate, and in the mixed and compound fertilizers was not extractable in divalent form”
Claim · model-written summary
The variation in nutrient content of particle size fractions was much less in a compound fertilizer than in a mixed fertilizer.
- Outcome
- variation in nutrient content of particle size fractionse1
- Direction
- much lesse1
- Comparator
- a mixed fertilizere1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The variation in nutrient content of particle size fractions of a compound fertilizer was much less than that in a mixed fertilizer”
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