Abstract
Flumioxazin is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor with potential for POST annual bluegrass control and PRE smooth crabgrass control in bermudagrass. However, flumioxazin applications are often less effective in winter, compared with fall, because of reduced efficacy on mature annual bluegrass. The objective of this research was to evaluate tank-mixtures of flumioxazin with six other herbicide mechanisms of action for POST annual bluegrass control in late winter and residual smooth crabgrass control. Flumioxazin at 0 or 0.42 kg ai ha −1 was evaluated in combination with flazasulfuron at 0.05 kg ai ha −1 , glufosinate at 1.26 kg ai ha −1 , glyphosate at 0.42 kg ae ha −1 , mesotrione at 0.28 kg ai ha −1 , pronamide at 1.68 kg ai ha −1 , or simazine at 1.12 kg ai ha −1 . Flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass 61 to 70% at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) in three experiments from 2012 to 2014 in central Georgia. Flumioxazin tank-mixed with flazasulfuron, glyphosate, glufosinate, pronamide, and simazine provided good (80 to 89%) to excellent (> 90%) control of annual bluegrass at 8 WAT in 2 of 3 yr. These tank-mixtures were also more effective than flumioxazin alone in 2 of 3 yr, and control was greater or equal to the tank-mix partners applied alone. Treatments that included flumioxazin provided excellent (≥ 90%) control of smooth crabgrass at 6 mo after treatment in all 3 yr. Overall, tank-mixing flumioxazin with other herbicide chemistries may improve POST annual bluegrass control, compared with exclusive treatments, and effectively control smooth crabgrass in bermudagrass.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass 61 to 70% at 8 weeks.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- Flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- annual bluegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual bluegrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 61 to 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass 61 to 70% at 8 wk after treatment (WAT)”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin mixtures with five named herbicides controlled annual bluegrass at 80 to 89% or above 90% in two of three years.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazin tank-mixed with flazasulfuron, glyphosate, glufosinate, pronamide, and simazinee0
- Interactor
- annual bluegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of annual bluegrasse0
- Direction
- good (80 to 89%) to excellent (> 90%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin tank-mixed with flazasulfuron, glyphosate, glufosinate, pronamide, and simazine provided good (80 to 89%) to excellent (> 90%) control of annual bluegrass at 8 WAT in 2 of 3 yr.”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Those mixtures were more effective than flumioxazin alone in two of three years.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- tank-mixturese0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- flumioxazin alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These tank-mixtures were also more effective than flumioxazin alone in 2 of 3 yr”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixture control equaled or exceeded the partner herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- tank-mixturese1
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- greater or equale0
- Comparator
- tank-mix partners applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control was greater or equal to the tank-mix partners applied alone.”
t0“Bermudagrass”
e1“These tank-mixtures were also more effective than flumioxazin alone in 2 of 3 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin treatments controlled smooth crabgrass at least 90% after six months across all three years.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Treatments that included flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria ischaemume0weed - Outcome
- control of smooth crabgrasse0
- Direction
- excellente0
- Value
- ≥ 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treatments that included flumioxazin provided excellent (≥ 90%) control of smooth crabgrass at 6 mo after treatment in all 3 yr.”
t0“Bermudagrass”
The same questions in other papers
simazine · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →glyphosate · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →flumioxazin · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
flumioxazin · organism · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
flumioxazin · Digitaria ischaemum · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Flazasulfuron · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
glufosinate · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
propyzamide · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.