Abstract
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by seed-borne xanthomonads is a serious disease of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.), causing significant losses in both yield and quality. To identify more effective control measures, we evaluated crude extracts from 84 plant species in in vitro and in planta assays for antibacterial activity against BLS of tomato. In the in vitro assays, 20.2 % of the tested plant extracts totally inhibited growth of bacteria when seed washings from treated seeds were plated on nutrient agar medium. In the in planta assays, 17.8 % of the tested plant extracts reduced BLS incidence by 100 % in tomato seedlings. The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula , Coffea arabica , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Juniperus communis , Ocimum basilicum , Quercus robur , Rheum palmatum , Rosmarinus officinalis , Ruta graveolens , Sinapis alba , Yucca schidigera and Salvia officinalis . Seed treatment of tomato with these extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in both in vitro and in planta assays. Extracts from A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigera were tested three times using tomato seeds of cultivars Tanya, Cal-J and Moneymaker in Tanzania. Treatment of tomato seeds with these extracts had a positive effect on the number of normal seeds and had no effect on seedling vigor, height and weight. These results indicate that plant extracts from A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigera are potential candidates for seed treatment against seed-borne xanthomonads of tomato in Tanzania.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 20.2 % of tested extracts totally inhibited bacterial growth.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- tested plant extractse0
- Outcome
- growth of bacteriae0
- Direction
- totally inhibitede0
- Value
- 20.2 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the in vitro assays, 20.2 % of the tested plant extracts totally inhibited growth of bacteria when seed washings from treated seeds were plated on nutrient agar medium”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In planta, 17.8 % of extracts reduced tomato seedling BLS incidence by 100 %.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- tested plant extractse0
- Interactor
- xanthomonadse1pathogen
- Outcome
- BLS incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 100 %e0
- Qualifier
- 17.8 % of the tested plant extractse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the in planta assays, 17.8 % of the tested plant extracts reduced BLS incidence by 100 % in tomato seedlings”
e1“Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by seed-borne xanthomonads”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extracts from Aloe verae0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Betula pendula extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Betula pendulae0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffea arabica extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Coffea arabicae0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula , Coffea arabica”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Glycyrrhiza uralensise0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula , Coffea arabica , Glycyrrhiza uralensis”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Juniperus communis extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Juniperus communise0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula , Coffea arabica , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Juniperus communis”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum basilicum extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ocimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera , Betula pendula , Coffea arabica , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Juniperus communis , Ocimum basilicum”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus robur extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Quercus robure0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus robur , Rheum palmatum”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rheum palmatum extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Rheum palmatume0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercus robur , Rheum palmatum”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinus officinalis extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Rosmarinus officinalise0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosmarinus officinalis , Ruta graveolens”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruta graveolens extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ruta graveolense0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosmarinus officinalis , Ruta graveolens”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinapis alba extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sinapis albae0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sinapis alba , Yucca schidigera”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Yucca schidigera extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Yucca schidigerae0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sinapis alba , Yucca schidigera”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salvia officinalis extract was among the most effective seed treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salvia officinalise0
- Outcome
- most effective seed treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salvia officinalis”
e1“The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these extractse0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Xanthomonas perforanse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of tomato with these extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in both in vitro and in planta assays”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in planta.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these extractse0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Xanthomonas perforanse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Setting
- in plantae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of tomato with these extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in both in vitro and in planta assays”
Claim · model-written summary
Treating tomato seeds with the three retested extracts improved the number of normal seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these extractse0
- Outcome
- number of normal seedse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigerae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of tomato seeds with these extracts had a positive effect on the number of normal seeds”
e1“Extracts from A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigera were tested three times”
Claim · model-written summary
Treating tomato seeds with the three retested extracts had no effect on seedling vigor, height, or weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these extractse0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor, height and weighte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigerae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of tomato seeds with these extracts had a positive effect on the number of normal seeds and had no effect on seedling vigor, height and weight”
e1“Extracts from A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigera were tested three times”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the three retested extracts as seed treatments against tomato xanthomonads in Tanzania.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- xanthomonadse0pathogen
- Outcome
- potential candidates for seed treatmente0
- Setting
- Tanzaniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant extracts from A. vera , C. arabica and Y. schidigera are potential candidates for seed treatment against seed-borne xanthomonads of tomato in Tanzania”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.