Abstract
The post-emergence herbicides, difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl and dichlofop methyl were evaluated for their effect on wild oats (Avena sterilis and A. fatua) and selectivity in wheat and barley crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland. Barban was included as a standard treatment. These herbicides generally did not provide complete control of wild oats. Wild oat control as measured near harvest-time, was equally as good with tillering or pre-tillering applications, with only two exceptions. Production of wild oat spikelets was reduced by all herbicides. However, although spikelet numbers were reduced to a very low level occasionally, spikelet production was usually quite substantial (500 to 1500 m-2). The most consistent increases in grain yield were obtained from dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1), difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1) and barban (0.175 kg ha-1) when applied prior to the tillering stage of the wild oats. With a few exceptions, dichlofop methyl, difenzoquat, and flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1) applied during tillering did not increase grain yield. Difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl were also evaluated at 1.5 and 0.9 kg ha-1 respectively. Apart from a small yield increase in two trials there was no advantage from these higher rates. For dichlofop methyl a rate of 0.5 kg ha-1 was less effective than 0.75 kg ha-1 in one of two trials in 1976. In weed-free trials, flamprop-methyl reduced the height and grain yield of the cultivar Kite, but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars. The damage occurred when flamprop-methyl was applied at the end of tillering, but not at the early tillering stage. These trials show that an increase in grain yield can occur when the effect on the wild oats has been only moderate, so herbicide performance should not be judged only by the effect on the wild oats.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides generally failed to completely control wild oats.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- control of wild oatse0
AvenaNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides generally did not provide complete control of wild oats.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control near harvest was generally equivalent for pre-tillering and tillering applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- tilleringe0
- Interactor
- Wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- Wild oat controle0
- Direction
- equally as goode0
- Qualifier
- with only two exceptionse0
- Comparator
- pre-tillering applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild oat control as measured near harvest-time, was equally as good with tillering or pre-tillering applications, with only two exceptions.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides reduced wild-oat spikelet production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- all herbicidese0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- Production of wild oat spikeletse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of wild oat spikelets was reduced by all herbicides.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-oat spikelet production usually remained 500 to 1500 m-2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- spikelet productione0
- Value
- 500 to 1500 m-2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikelet production was usually quite substantial (500 to 1500 m-2)”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-tillering dichlofop methyl most consistently increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most consistent increases in grain yield were obtained from dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1), difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1) and barban (0.175 kg ha-1) when applied prior to the tillering stage of the wild oats.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-tillering difenzoquat most consistently increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most consistent increases in grain yield were obtained from dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1), difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1) and barban (0.175 kg ha-1) when applied prior to the tillering stage of the wild oats.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-tillering barban most consistently increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- barban (0.175 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most consistent increases in grain yield were obtained from dichlofop methyl (0.75 kg ha-1), difenzoquat (0.75 kg ha-1) and barban (0.175 kg ha-1) when applied prior to the tillering stage of the wild oats.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlofop methyl during tillering usually did not increase grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dichlofop methyle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- With a few exceptionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a few exceptions, dichlofop methyl, difenzoquat, and flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1) applied during tillering did not increase grain yield.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenzoquat during tillering usually did not increase grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- difenzoquate0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a few exceptions, dichlofop methyl, difenzoquat, and flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1) applied during tillering did not increase grain yield.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flamprop-methyl during tillering usually did not increase grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With a few exceptions, dichlofop methyl, difenzoquat, and flamprop-methyl (0.45 kg ha-1) applied during tillering did not increase grain yield.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher difenzoquat rate gave little yield advantage except in two trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Difenzoquate0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Comparator
- higher ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl were also evaluated at 1.5 and 0.9 kg ha-1 respectively. Apart from a small yield increase in two trials there was no advantage from these higher rates.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher flamprop-methyl rate gave little yield advantage except in two trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- flamprop-methyle0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Comparator
- higher ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Difenzoquat and flamprop-methyl were also evaluated at 1.5 and 0.9 kg ha-1 respectively. Apart from a small yield increase in two trials there was no advantage from these higher rates.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlofop methyl at 0.5 kg ha-1 was less effective than 0.75 kg ha-1 in one of two trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- dichlofop methyl a rate of 0.5 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Qualifier
- one of two trials in 1976e0
- Comparator
- 0.75 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For dichlofop methyl a rate of 0.5 kg ha-1 was less effective than 0.75 kg ha-1 in one of two trials in 1976.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flamprop-methyl reduced Kite wheat height in weed-free trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kitee0
- Treatment
- flamprop-methyle0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- weed-free trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In weed-free trials, flamprop-methyl reduced the height and grain yield of the cultivar Kite”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flamprop-methyl reduced Kite wheat grain yield in weed-free trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kitee0
- Treatment
- flamprop-methyle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In weed-free trials, flamprop-methyl reduced the height and grain yield of the cultivar Kite”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flamprop-methyl had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- flamprop-methylt0
- Outcome
- little or no effecte0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
- Comparator
- five other wheat cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
Claim · model-written summary
Kite damage occurred with end-of-tillering application, but not early-tillering application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kitee2
- Treatment
- flamprop-methyle0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Comparator
- early tillering stagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The damage occurred when flamprop-methyl was applied at the end of tillering, but not at the early tillering stage.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
e2“In weed-free trials, flamprop-methyl reduced the height and grain yield of the cultivar Kite”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide performance should not be judged only by wild-oat effects because grain yield can rise with moderate weed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- herbicide performance should not be judged only by the effect on the wild oatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in grain yield can occur when the effect on the wild oats has been only moderate, so herbicide performance should not be judged only by the effect on the wild oats.”
t0“Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban”
e1“but had little or no effect on five other wheat cultivars.”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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1 in the opposite direction
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methyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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Difenzoquat · Avena · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
tillage · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
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465 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 563 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.