Abstract
This study investigates the effect of conjoint use of bio-organics (biofertilizers + crop residues + FYM) and chemical fertilizers on yield, physical–chemical and microbial properties of soil in a ‘French bean–cauliflower’-based cropping system of mid hills of the north-western Himalayan Region (NWHR) of India. Conjoint bio-organics at varied levels of NPK chemical fertilizers increased yield of ‘cauliflower’ over corresponding single application. Incorporation of crop residues with 75% of the recommended NPK application resulted in the highest yield (19 t ha−1). Conjoint use of bio-organics produced a yield (15.65 t ha−1), which was statistically on a par with 75% of the recommended NPK application alone. This indicated a saving of 75% NPK chemical fertilizers. In the case of ‘French bean’, the effect was non-significant. The results also showed significant higher soil available N (351.3 kg ha−1) under 75% NPK + biofertilizers, whereas the highest soil available K (268.3 kg ha−1) was recorded under 75% NPK + crop residues. Lowest bulk density (1.03 Mg m−3), highest water holding capacity (36.5%), soil organic matter (10.6 g kg−1), bacterial (4.13 × 107 cfu g−1) and fungal (6.3 × 107 cfu g−1) counts were recorded under sole application of bio-organics. According to our study, we concluded that the combination of NPK fertilizers and bio-organics increased yield except French bean, soil available N, K and saved chemical fertilizers under ‘French bean–cauliflower’-based cropping system.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bio-organics and NPK increased cauliflower yield over corresponding single applications.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise0 - Treatment
- Conjoint bio-organics at varied levels of NPK chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yield of ‘cauliflower’e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- corresponding single applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint bio-organics at varied levels of NPK chemical fertilizers increased yield of ‘cauliflower’ over corresponding single application”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residues with 75% recommended NPK gave the highest cauliflower yield of 19 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of crop residues with 75% of the recommended NPK applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of crop residues with 75% of the recommended NPK application resulted in the highest yield (19 t ha−1)”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjoint bio-organics yielded 15.65 t ha−1, statistically on par with 75% recommended NPK alone.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- Conjoint use of bio-organicse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- on a pare0
- Value
- 15.65 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- 75% of the recommended NPK application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conjoint use of bio-organics produced a yield (15.65 t ha−1), which was statistically on a par with 75% of the recommended NPK application alone”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
French bean yield did not show a statistically significant response.
- Taxon
- French bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- bio-organics and chemical fertilizerst0
- Outcome
- effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of ‘French bean’, the effect was non-significant”
t0“bio-organics and chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available N was significantly higher at 351.3 kg ha−1 with 75% NPK plus biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil available Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 351.3 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant higher soil available N (351.3 kg ha−1) under 75% NPK + biofertilizers”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available K peaked at 268.3 kg ha−1 with 75% NPK plus crop residues.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + crop residuese0
- Outcome
- soil available Ke0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 268.3 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest soil available K (268.3 kg ha−1) was recorded under 75% NPK + crop residues”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole bio-organics had the lowest soil bulk density, 1.03 Mg m−3.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sole application of bio-organicse0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- Loweste0
- Value
- 1.03 Mg m−3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lowest bulk density (1.03 Mg m−3), highest water holding capacity (36.5%), soil organic matter (10.6 g kg−1), bacterial (4.13 × 107 cfu g−1) and fungal (6.3 × 107 cfu g−1) counts were recorded under sole application of bio-organics”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole bio-organics had the highest water holding capacity, 36.5%.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sole application of bio-organicse1
- Outcome
- water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 36.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest water holding capacity (36.5%)”
e1“sole application of bio-organics”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole bio-organics had soil organic matter of 10.6 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sole application of bio-organicse1
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere0
- Value
- 10.6 g kg−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil organic matter (10.6 g kg−1)”
e1“sole application of bio-organics”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole bio-organics gave bacterial counts of 4.13 × 107 cfu g−1.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sole application of bio-organicse1
- Outcome
- bacteriale0
- Value
- 4.13 × 107 cfu g−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial (4.13 × 107 cfu g−1)”
e1“sole application of bio-organics”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole bio-organics gave fungal counts of 6.3 × 107 cfu g−1.
- Taxon
- French bean–cauliflowerPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sole application of bio-organicse1
- Outcome
- fungale0
- Value
- 6.3 × 107 cfu g−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal (6.3 × 107 cfu g−1)”
e1“sole application of bio-organics”
t0“French bean–cauliflower”
The same questions in other papers
organic · soil: chemistry · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
inoculation · soil: chemistry · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →organic · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →fertilization · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
444 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
492 papers more in this group
See all 496 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.