Abstract
ABSTRACT Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the soilborne Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (synonym F. virguliforme). In a sequential approach, two multifactor factorial-design microplot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fungal infestation levels and soil moisture on both root necrosis and foliar SDS severity, and the interaction between F. solani f. sp. glycines and Heterodera glycines in fumigated versus nonfumigated soil. In 2003, soybean cv. Spencer was grown in nonfumigated or methyl bromide-fumigated soil and infested with increasing levels of F. solani f. sp. glycines, either under rainfall or irrigated after growth stage V6/R1. In 2004, interactions between F. solani f. sp. glycines and H. glycines were explored in a factorial inoculation design in fumigated or nonfumigated soil, planted to Williams 82 or Cyst-X20-18. In both years, higher levels of foliar SDS severity and root necrosis were found in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infested soils with H. glycines than in soils without the nematode on the soybean cultivars susceptible to both pathogens. Both natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003 and artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004 contributed to higher foliar SDS severity. More severe foliar SDS symptoms always were associated with more root necrosis, but elevated levels of root necrosis did not predict severe leaf symptoms. In contrast to the critical role of H. glycines, increasing fungal infestation levels had no significant effects on increasing either foliar SDS symptoms or root necrosis. Effects of moisture regime and fungal infestation levels also were examined in factorial greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. High soil moisture resulted in higher levels of SDS root necrosis. In the greenhouse, root necrosis increased at a higher rate in low soil moisture than the rate in high soil moisture. The two pathogens acted as a complex and the disease development was strongly dependent on high soil moisture.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode increased foliar SDS severity in Fusarium-infested soils.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- with H. glycinese0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. glycines
Heterodera glycinese0pathogen - Outcome
- foliar SDS severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without the nematodee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of foliar SDS severity and root necrosis were found in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infested soils with H. glycines than in soils without the nematode”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode increased root necrosis in Fusarium-infested soils.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- with H. glycinese0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0pathogen
- Outcome
- root necrosise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without the nematodee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of foliar SDS severity and root necrosis were found in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infested soils with H. glycines than in soils without the nematode”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural H. glycines infestation increased foliar SDS severity in 2003.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003e0
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar SDS severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003 and artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004 contributed to higher foliar SDS severity”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificially amended H. glycines populations increased foliar SDS severity in 2004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004e0
- Interactor
- H. glycinesHeterodera glycinese0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar SDS severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003 and artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004 contributed to higher foliar SDS severity”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe foliar SDS symptoms accompanied greater root necrosis.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- foliar SDS symptomse0
- Direction
- More severee0
- Comparator
- root necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More severe foliar SDS symptoms always were associated with more root necrosis”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated root necrosis did not reliably predict severe leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- severe leaf symptomse0
- Comparator
- root necrosise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated levels of root necrosis did not predict severe leaf symptoms”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fungal infestation did not significantly increase foliar SDS symptoms.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing fungal infestation levelse0
- Outcome
- foliar SDS symptomse0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing fungal infestation levels had no significant effects on increasing either foliar SDS symptoms or root necrosis”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fungal infestation did not significantly increase root necrosis.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing fungal infestation levelse0
- Outcome
- root necrosise0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing fungal infestation levels had no significant effects on increasing either foliar SDS symptoms or root necrosis”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil moisture increased SDS root necrosis.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- High soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- SDS root necrosise0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High soil moisture resulted in higher levels of SDS root necrosis”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, root necrosis rose faster under low than high soil moisture.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- root necrosise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- high soil moisturee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse, root necrosis increased at a higher rate in low soil moisture than the rate in high soil moisture”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease development from the two pathogens strongly depended on high soil moisture.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Qualifier
- strongly dependent on high soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two pathogens acted as a complex and the disease development was strongly dependent on high soil moisture”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Heterodera glycines · survival · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
soil water · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →infection · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →infection · survival · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.