Abstract
Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum to control Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean (SSR) at Ames, Humboldt, and Kanawha, IA, between 1996 and 1998. Experimental plots (3 × 3 m) were infested with S. sclerotivorum macroconidia once at a rate of 0, 2, or 20 spores per cm 2 in the fall of 1995 or the spring of 1996, under two crop rotation schemes. A randomized complete block design with four replications in each location was used. Plots infested with 20 spores per cm 2 had 62% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Humboldt in 1996. No differences were detected between fall and spring applications. In 1998, plots treated with either 2 or 20 spores per cm 2 had 51 to 63% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Ames and Kanawha. In 1998, SSR was completely suppressed in all plots at Humboldt, while the commercial field surrounding the experimental plots had 17% SSR. S. sclerotivorum was retrieved from all infested plots at all locations 2 years after infestation with sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as bait. At Humboldt, S. sclerotivorum was also retrieved from control plots. Two larger plots (10 × 10 m) were infested with 20 or 100 spores per cm 2 in the fall of 1996 or spring of 1997 in six commercial fields. SSR incidence, which was measured in transects up to 20 m from the infested area at 5-m intervals, was reduced 56 to 100% (P = 0.05) in four fields compared with the surrounding uninfested areas in the commercial fields. Dispersal of the control agent was evident by the fact that SSR incidence gradually increased from the edge of the infested macroplots up to about 10 m into noninoculated areas of the commercial field. This paper constitutes the first report describing the biocontrol of a disease on field crops that may be employed economically.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At Humboldt in 1996, 20 spores per cm² reduced stem rot by 62%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 20 spores per cm 2e0
- Outcome
- SSRe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
- Setting
- Humboldte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots infested with 20 spores per cm 2 had 62% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Humboldt in 1996.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall and spring applications did not differ.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- falle0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- spring applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences were detected between fall and spring applications.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At Ames and Kanawha, treated plots had 51 to 63% less stem rot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2 or 20 spores per cm 2e0
- Outcome
- SSRe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 51 to 63%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
- Setting
- Ames and Kanawhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plots treated with either 2 or 20 spores per cm 2 had 51 to 63% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Ames and Kanawha.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem rot was completely suppressed in Humboldt plots in 1998.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- SSRe0
- Direction
- completely suppressede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fielde0
- Setting
- Humboldte0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSR was completely suppressed in all plots at Humboldt, while the commercial field surrounding the experimental plots had 17% SSR.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The control fungus persisted in infested plots for two years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotivorume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- S. sclerotivorum was retrievede0
- Qualifier
- 2 years after infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. sclerotivorum was retrieved from all infested plots at all locations 2 years after infestation”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Large treated plots reduced stem rot incidence by 56 to 100% in four fields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- infested areae0
- Outcome
- SSR incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56 to 100%e0
- Comparator
- surrounding uninfested arease0
- Setting
- four fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSR incidence, which was measured in transects up to 20 m from the infested area at 5-m intervals, was reduced 56 to 100% (P = 0.05) in four fields compared with the surrounding uninfested areas”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem rot incidence rose with distance from treated macroplots to about 10 m.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- SSR incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 me0
- Setting
- noninoculated arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SSR incidence gradually increased from the edge of the infested macroplots up to about 10 m into noninoculated areas”
t0“soybean”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.