Abstract
A factorial field experiment was carried out to determine the effects on barley establishment of 3 depths of sowing (45, 65 and 85 mm), 2 fungicide seed dressings (carboxin and triadimefon), a press wheel compared with a chain harrow, 2 cultivars (Prior and Grimmett), and the pre-emergence herbicide trifluralin incorporated prior to sowing. A laboratory experiment was also conducted to determine the effect of the 2 seed dressings on the coleoptile length of Prior and Grimmett at 20¦C. The press wheel increased seedling establishment from 74 to 88% at a sowing depth of 45 mm, but from 55 to 89% at 85 mm. Carboxin seed dressing increased coleoptile length by 10-17 mm and triadimefon reduced it by 13-1 8 mm. Carboxin also gave better establishment than triadimefon when seed was sown deep. The cultivar Grimmett had shorter coleoptiles than Prior but slightly faster seedling emergence. The shortstatured cultivars now being bred for lodging resistance may also have short coleoptiles and hence poor establishment from deep sowings. The use of a press wheel improved establishment from a depth of 85 mm on a black earth soil. Incorporation of the herbicide trifluralin in the black earth soil 1 week before sowing did not affect establishment. A general lack of significant interactions meant that the main effects were usually additive, establishment increasing from 38% in the worst treatment (85 mm, triadimefon, chain harrow, Grimmett, no trifluralin) to 98% in the best (65 mm, carboxin, press wheel, Grimmett, trifluralin).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
A press wheel increased seedling establishment from 74 to 88% at 45 mm sowing depth compared with a chain harrow.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- press wheele1
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 74 to 88%e1
- Qualifier
- sowing depth of 45 mme1
- Comparator
- chain harrowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e1“The press wheel increased seedling establishment from 74 to 88% at a sowing depth of 45 mm, but from 55 to 89% at 85 mm”
e2“a press wheel compared with a chain harrow”
Claim · model-written summary
A press wheel increased seedling establishment from 55 to 89% at 85 mm sowing depth compared with a chain harrow.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- press wheele1
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 55 to 89%e1
- Qualifier
- 85 mme1
- Comparator
- chain harrowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e1“The press wheel increased seedling establishment from 74 to 88% at a sowing depth of 45 mm, but from 55 to 89% at 85 mm”
e2“a press wheel compared with a chain harrow”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin seed dressing increased barley coleoptile length by 10-17 mm.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee3
- Treatment
- Carboxin seed dressinge3
- Outcome
- coleoptile lengthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 10-17 mme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e3“Carboxin seed dressing increased coleoptile length by 10-17 mm and triadimefon reduced it by 13-1 8 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimefon reduced barley coleoptile length by 13-18 mm.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee3
- Treatment
- triadimefone3
- Outcome
- coleoptile lengthe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 13-1 8 mme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e3“Carboxin seed dressing increased coleoptile length by 10-17 mm and triadimefon reduced it by 13-1 8 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin gave better barley establishment than triadimefon when seed was sown deep.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Carboxine4
- Outcome
- establishmente4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- when seed was sown deepe4
- Comparator
- triadimefone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e4“Carboxin also gave better establishment than triadimefon when seed was sown deep”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Grimmett had shorter coleoptiles than Prior.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Grimmette5
- Outcome
- coleoptilese5
- Direction
- shortere5
- Comparator
- Priore5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e5“The cultivar Grimmett had shorter coleoptiles than Prior but slightly faster seedling emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Grimmett had slightly faster seedling emergence than Prior.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Grimmette5
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee5
- Direction
- fastere5
- Comparator
- Priore5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e5“The cultivar Grimmett had shorter coleoptiles than Prior but slightly faster seedling emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Shortstatured barley cultivars may establish poorly from deep sowings.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- shortstatured cultivarse6
- Outcome
- establishment from deep sowingse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e6“The shortstatured cultivars now being bred for lodging resistance may also have short coleoptiles and hence poor establishment from deep sowings”
Claim · model-written summary
A press wheel improved barley establishment from 85 mm sowing depth on black earth soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- press wheele7
- Outcome
- establishmente7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Qualifier
- from a depth of 85 mme7
- Setting
- black earth soile7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e7“The use of a press wheel improved establishment from a depth of 85 mm on a black earth soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin incorporated one week before sowing did not change barley establishment on black earth soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- trifluraline1
- Outcome
- establishmente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Setting
- black earth soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e1“Incorporation of the herbicide trifluralin in the black earth soil 1 week before sowing did not affect establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
The worst barley establishment treatment gave 38%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- establishmente1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Qualifier
- 85 mm, triadimefon, chain harrow, Grimmett, no trifluraline1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e1“establishment increasing from 38% in the worst treatment (85 mm, triadimefon, chain harrow, Grimmett, no trifluralin) to 98% in the best (65 mm, carboxin, press wheel, Grimmett, trifluralin)”
Claim · model-written summary
The best barley establishment treatment gave 98%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- establishmente1
- Value
- 98%e1
- Qualifier
- 65 mm, carboxin, press wheel, Grimmett, trifluraline1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e1“establishment increasing from 38% in the worst treatment (85 mm, triadimefon, chain harrow, Grimmett, no trifluralin) to 98% in the best (65 mm, carboxin, press wheel, Grimmett, trifluralin)”
Claim · model-written summary
Main effects on barley establishment were usually additive, with few significant interactions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- main effects were usually additivee2
- Qualifier
- A general lack of significant interactionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“the establishment of barley”
e2“A general lack of significant interactions meant that the main effects were usually additive”
The same questions in other papers
carboxin · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
trifluralin · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.