Abstract
Metal element concentrations were measured in the edible portions of silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment after application of lime amended biosolids (LAB) and digester sludge. Biosolids were mixed into soil for the replicated pot experiment at rates of 1, 2 and 5 times theN requirement of each crop grown. No significant effect was found of different biosolids application rates on uptake of As, Hg or Se. The concentration of As was less than the maximum permitted limit (ML) of 1mg/kg in all crops grown. The ML for lead (0.1 mg/kg in vegetables) was only exceeded at the greatest LAB treatment rate in silverbeet. No significant differences in the concentration of Cd were found at different application rates of LAB or digester sludge in potato, wheat fodder or wheat grain. Silverbeet was found to contain much higher concentrations than potato or wheat fodder of Al, Fe and Zn and higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Co and the concentration of Cd in silverbeetexceeded the ML (0.1 mg/kg) in most treatments including the control, which may be due to species specific bioaccumulation. Correlation of soil pH and EC to rate and type of biosolids applied are likely explanations for different metal element concentrations due to contrasting bio-availability resulting from pH or EC effects. An increased plant uptake of metal elements associated with the greatest biosolids application rates applied in this glasshouse experiment are unlikely under realistic field conditions in Tasmania.Keywords: Heavy metals, potato, silverbeet, wheat
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids application rate did not significantly alter As, Hg or Se uptake in the crops.
- Taxon
- silverbeet, potato and wheate1
- Treatment
- different biosolids application ratese0
- Outcome
- uptake of As, Hg or See0
- Direction
- No significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No significant effect was found of different biosolids application rates on uptake of As, Hg or Se.”
e1“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic concentration was below its permitted limit in all crops.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of As was less than the maximum permitted limit (ML) of 1mg/kg in all crops grown.”
e1“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exceeded its permitted limit only at the greatest lime amended biosolids rate in silverbeet.
Verbatim
e0“The ML for lead (0.1 mg/kg in vegetables) was only exceeded at the greatest LAB treatment rate in silverbeet.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentration did not differ significantly with biosolids rate in potato, wheat fodder or wheat grain.
- Taxon
- potato, wheat fodder or wheat graine0
- Treatment
- different application rates of LAB or digester sludgee0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cde0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences in the concentration of Cd were found at different application rates of LAB or digester sludge in potato, wheat fodder or wheat grain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silverbeet had much higher Al, Fe and Zn concentrations than potato or wheat fodder.
Verbatim
e0“Silverbeet was found to contain much higher concentrations than potato or wheat fodder of Al, Fe and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Silverbeet had higher Cu, Ni and Cd concentrations than potato or wheat fodder.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Co”
t0“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
e1“Silverbeet was found to contain much higher concentrations than potato or wheat fodder of Al, Fe and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Silverbeet had higher Co concentration than potato or wheat fodder.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Co”
t0“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
e1“Silverbeet was found to contain much higher concentrations than potato or wheat fodder of Al, Fe and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium in silverbeet exceeded its limit in most treatments including control.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of Cd in silverbeetexceeded the ML (0.1 mg/kg) in most treatments including the control”
t0“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider increased metal uptake at the greatest biosolids rates unlikely under realistic Tasmanian field conditions.
Verbatim
e0“An increased plant uptake of metal elements associated with the greatest biosolids application rates applied in this glasshouse experiment are unlikely under realistic field conditions in Tasmania.”
t0“silverbeet, potato and wheat grown in a glasshouse experiment”
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