Abstract
SUMMARY In a field experiment, the effects of irrigating crops alternately with sodic water (high in sodium adsorption ratio and ) and good quality canal water were investigated for six years on a well drained sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept). The irrigation treatments included: irrigation with non-sodic canal water (CW), irrigation with sodic water (SW), CW irrigation alternating with one or two SW irrigations, and two CW irrigations alternating with one SW irrigation. The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields. The build-up of sodium depended on the number of SW irrigations during the season. The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years. The improvements in yield due to alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations compared with the use of sodic water alone increased over the years. Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations could therefore be considered a practical way to alleviate the problems caused by sodic water. The number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitored.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sodic water increased soil sodium saturation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- sodic watere0
- Outcome
- sodium saturation of the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodic water decreased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- sodic watere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodic water decreased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- sodic watere0
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sodium buildup depended on the number of sodic water irrigations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SW irrigationse0
- Outcome
- build-up of sodiume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The build-up of sodium depended on the number of SW irrigations during the season.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sodium saturation increased progressively over the years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- sodium saturatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- over the yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yield decline progressed over the years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- over the yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternating sodic and nonsodic irrigation improved yield increasingly over time relative to sodic water alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- over the yearse0
- Comparator
- sodic water alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The improvements in yield due to alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations compared with the use of sodic water alone increased over the years.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternating sodic and nonsodic irrigations were recommended to alleviate sodic water problems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations could therefore be considered a practical way to alleviate the problems caused by sodic water.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend minimizing sodic irrigations and monitoring soil sodium buildup.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitored.”
t0“rice and wheat yields”
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