Abstract
Summary. The effectiveness of foliar applications of zinc sulfate to decrease cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grain was assessed at 3 field sites in South Australia—Tumby Bay, Cummins and Keppoch. Foliar zinc (Zn) treatments were found to significantly ( P <0.001) decrease Cd concentrations in grain at only 1 site, Tumby Bay. At this site the highest foliar Zn treatment (0.67 kg Zn/ha), which consisted of 2 applications of 0.33 kg Zn/ha applied early and late, decreased the mean Cd concentration in grain from 0.025 mg/kg for the nil treatment to 0.017 mg/kg. Timing of application of foliar Zn had no significant effect on Cd concentration in wheat grain. The effect of soil applications of zinc sulfate on grain Cd concentration was assessed at Tumby Bay only. There was no significant difference in grain Cd concentration between the soil Zn treatments. The results from this study suggested that the current recommended rates of foliar applications of Zn to ameliorate Zn deficiency are not high enough to decrease Cd concentration in wheat grain. This is most likely due to the recommended foliar rate of 0.33 kg Zn/ha not providing excess Zn to the plant such that there is enough Zn to be translocated to the root, which is the site of Cd uptake by the plant. The results suggest that the benefits of foliar Zn to minimise Cd concentration in grain are variable or that the rates used to correct Zn deficiency under field conditions are too low to decrease Cd uptake. Further work is required to distinguish between the 2 possibilities.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc reduced grain cadmium significantly only at Tumby Bay.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar zinc (Zn) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in graine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Setting
- Tumby Baye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar zinc (Zn) treatments were found to significantly ( P <0.001) decrease Cd concentrations in grain at only 1 site, Tumby Bay.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar zinc rate reduced grain cadmium from 0.025 to 0.017 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.67 kg Zn/hae0
- Outcome
- mean Cd concentration in graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.017 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- 0.025 mg/kge0
- Comparator
- nil treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest foliar Zn treatment (0.67 kg Zn/ha), which consisted of 2 applications of 0.33 kg Zn/ha applied early and late, decreased the mean Cd concentration in grain from 0.025 mg/kg for the nil treatment to 0.017 mg/kg.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc timing had no significant effect on grain cadmium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Timing of application of foliar Zne0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in wheat graine0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timing of application of foliar Zn had no significant effect on Cd concentration in wheat grain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc treatments showed no significant difference in grain cadmium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in grain Cd concentration between the soil Zn treatments.”
t0“wheat”
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