Abstract
Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) have the potential to confer several benefits to plants in terms of growth and protection against pests and pathogens. In the present study, we tested whether a PGPF isolate, Penicillium spp. GP15-1 (derived from zoysiagrass rhizospheres), stimulates growth and disease resistance in the cucumber plant. The use of the barley grain inoculum GP15-1 significantly enhanced root and shoot growth and biomass of cucumber plants. A root colonization study revealed that GP15-1 was a very rapid and efficient root colonizer and was isolated in significantly higher frequencies from the upper root parts than from the middle and lower root parts during the first 14 d of seedling growth. Inoculating the cucumber seedlings with GP15-1 significantly reduced the damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, and the disease suppression effects of GP15-1 were considerably influenced by the inoculum potential of both GP15-1 and the pathogen. Treatment with the barley grain inoculum or a cell-free filtrate of GP15-1 increased systemic resistance against leaf infection by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare, resulting in a significant decrease in lesion number and size. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer sequences of the genomic DNA of GP15-1 revealed that the fungal isolate is a strain of either Penicillium neoechinulatum or Penicillium viridicatum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 barley grain inoculum significantly enhanced cucumber root and shoot growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- barley grain inoculum GP15-1e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- root and shoot growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“The use of the barley grain inoculum GP15-1 significantly enhanced root and shoot growth and biomass of cucumber plants”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 rapidly and efficiently colonized cucumber roots.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“GP15-1 was a very rapid and efficient root colonizer”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 isolation frequency was significantly higher in upper than middle and lower root parts during the first 14 days.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- upper root partse0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- frequenciese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14 de0
- Comparator
- middle and lower root partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“was isolated in significantly higher frequencies from the upper root parts than from the middle and lower root parts during the first 14 d of seedling growth”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 inoculation significantly reduced cucumber damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Inoculating the cucumber seedlings with GP15-1e0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- damping-off diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Inoculating the cucumber seedlings with GP15-1 significantly reduced the damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Damping-off suppression varied with inoculum potential of GP15-1 and the pathogen.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- inoculum potentiale0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease suppression effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“the disease suppression effects of GP15-1 were considerably influenced by the inoculum potential of both GP15-1 and the pathogen”
e1“Rhizoctonia solani”
e2“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 barley grain inoculum increased systemic resistance against Colletotrichum leaf infection.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- barley grain inoculume0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum orbiculare
Colletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Treatment with the barley grain inoculum or a cell-free filtrate of GP15-1 increased systemic resistance against leaf infection by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
A cell-free GP15-1 filtrate increased systemic resistance against Colletotrichum leaf infection.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- cell-free filtrate of GP15-1e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum orbiculareColletotrichum orbicularee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Treatment with the barley grain inoculum or a cell-free filtrate of GP15-1 increased systemic resistance against leaf infection by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
GP15-1 treatment significantly decreased anthracnose lesion number and size.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GP15-1e2
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum orbiculareColletotrichum orbicularee1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesion number and sizee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“resulting in a significant decrease in lesion number and size”
e1“Colletotrichum orbiculare”
e2“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence analysis identified GP15-1 as either Penicillium neoechinulatum or Penicillium viridicatum.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp. GP15-1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- a strain of either Penicillium neoechinulatum or Penicillium viridicatume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“the fungal isolate is a strain of either Penicillium neoechinulatum or Penicillium viridicatum”
e1“Penicillium spp. GP15-1”
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