Abstract
Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11) to study the effect of intercropping of faba bean, maize and cabbage with sugar beet on the population density of Empoasca spp. (nymphs and adults), Aphis spp. (nymphs and adults), Bemisia tabaci (adults), Pegomyia mixta (eggs and larvae), Cassida vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) and predators in sugar beet plantations compared with the non-intercropped plants and the resulting yield. The toxicity of certain compounds: fenitrothion, super misrona, sour orange oil, acidless orange oil, and Bermectine in reducing the population density of P. mixta and C. vittata larvae infesting sugar beet was evaluated. The rate of infestation was higher in the sole sugar beet plants than in those intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants which caused reduction of sucking pests and P. mixta eggs in the two seasons. The intercropping of faba bean plants led to higher infestation rate of P. mixta larvae in the two seasons and C. vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) in the first season. The intercropping with maize led to a higher population density of Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Scymnus spp. in the two seasons. Low population density of true spiders was observed in sole sugar beet (control) when compared with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants intercropped in the two seasons. Concerning the obtained root yield, the intercropping with maize and cabbage plants reduced the resultant yield of sugar beet roots in the two seasons. Bermectine and fenitrothion were the most effective toxicants followed by super misrona and then, sour orange that induced the lowest reduction in P. mixta larvae. Also, fenitrothion and Bermectine were the most potent compounds in reducing the population density of C. vittata larvae followed by super misrona and then, plant oil extracts. Concerning the side effects of these compounds on predators, sour orange oil and acidless orange oil had slight effects, whereas Bermectine and super misrona caused a moderate effect against predators. However, fenitrothion was the most highest toxic compound against predators.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with faba bean, maize and cabbage reduced sucking pest populations compared with sole sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plantse2
- Interactor
- sucking pestse2pest
- Outcome
- sucking pestse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse2
- Comparator
- sole sugar beet plantse2
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e2“The rate of infestation was higher in the sole sugar beet plants than in those intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants which caused reduction of sucking pests and P. mixta eggs in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with faba bean, maize and cabbage reduced P. mixta eggs compared with sole sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plantse2
- Interactor
- P. mixtae2pest
- Outcome
- P. mixta eggse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse2
- Comparator
- sole sugar beet plantse2
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e2“The rate of infestation was higher in the sole sugar beet plants than in those intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants which caused reduction of sucking pests and P. mixta eggs in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with faba bean increased the infestation rate of P. mixta larvae in sugar beet in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropping of faba bean plantse3
- Interactor
- P. mixtae3pest
- Outcome
- infestation rate of P. mixta larvaee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse3
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e3“The intercropping of faba bean plants led to higher infestation rate of P. mixta larvae in the two seasons and C. vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with faba bean increased the infestation rate of C. vittata in sugar beet in the first season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropping of faba bean plantse3
- Interactor
- C. vittata
Cassida vittatae3pest - Outcome
- infestation ratee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- first seasone3
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e3“The intercropping of faba bean plants led to higher infestation rate of P. mixta larvae in the two seasons and C. vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with maize increased the population density of Chrysoperla carnea.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropping with maizee4
- Interactor
- Chrysoperla carnea
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=60)
Chrysoperla carneae4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse4
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e4“The intercropping with maize led to a higher population density of Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Scymnus spp. in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with maize increased the population density of Paederus alfierii.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropping with maizee4
- Interactor
- Paederus alfieriie4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse4
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e4“The intercropping with maize led to a higher population density of Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Scymnus spp. in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with maize increased the population density of Scymnus spp.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- intercropping with maizee4
- Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse4
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
ScymnusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e4“The intercropping with maize led to a higher population density of Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Scymnus spp. in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole sugar beet had a low density of true spiders compared with sugar beet intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- faba bean, maize and cabbage plants intercroppede5
- Interactor
- true spiderse5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population density of true spiderse5
- Direction
- Lowe5
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse5
- Comparator
- sole sugar beet (control)e5
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e5“Low population density of true spiders was observed in sole sugar beet (control) when compared with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants intercropped in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with maize and cabbage reduced the root yield of sugar beet compared with non-intercropped plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- the intercropping with maize and cabbage plantse6
- Outcome
- resultant yield of sugar beet rootse6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse6
- Comparator
- non-intercropped plantse1
- Setting
- El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e0“Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons”
e1“compared with the non-intercropped plants”
e6“Concerning the obtained root yield, the intercropping with maize and cabbage plants reduced the resultant yield of sugar beet roots in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermectine and fenitrothion were the most effective toxicants in reducing P. mixta larvae, followed by super misrona.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Bermectine and fenitrothione7
- Interactor
- P. mixtae7pest
- Outcome
- reduction in P. mixta larvaee7
- Direction
- most effectivee7
- Comparator
- super misronae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e7“Bermectine and fenitrothion were the most effective toxicants followed by super misrona and then, sour orange that induced the lowest reduction in P. mixta larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Sour orange induced the lowest reduction in P. mixta larvae among the toxicants tested.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sour orangee7
- Interactor
- P. mixtae7pest
- Outcome
- reduction in P. mixta larvaee7
- Direction
- loweste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e7“Bermectine and fenitrothion were the most effective toxicants followed by super misrona and then, sour orange that induced the lowest reduction in P. mixta larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenitrothion and Bermectine were the most potent compounds in reducing C. vittata larvae, followed by super misrona.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fenitrothion and Bermectinee1
- Interactor
- C. vittataCassida vittatae1pest
- Outcome
- population density of C. vittata larvaee1
- Direction
- most potente1
- Comparator
- super misronae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e1“fenitrothion and Bermectine were the most potent compounds in reducing the population density of C. vittata larvae followed by super misrona”
Claim · model-written summary
Sour orange oil and acidless orange oil had slight side effects on predators.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sour orange oil and acidless orange oile1
- Interactor
- predatorse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- side effects of these compounds on predatorse1
- Qualifier
- slight effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e1“Concerning the side effects of these compounds on predators, sour orange oil and acidless orange oil had slight effects, whereas Bermectine and super misrona caused a moderate effect against predators”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermectine and super misrona caused a moderate side effect on predators.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Bermectine and super misronae1
- Interactor
- predatorse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- side effects of these compounds on predatorse1
- Qualifier
- moderate effecte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e1“Concerning the side effects of these compounds on predators, sour orange oil and acidless orange oil had slight effects, whereas Bermectine and super misrona caused a moderate effect against predators”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenitrothion was the most toxic compound against predators among those tested.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fenitrothione2
- Interactor
- predatorse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- side effects of these compounds on predatorse1
- Direction
- most highest toxice2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet plantations”
e1“Concerning the side effects of these compounds on predators”
e2“However, fenitrothion was the most highest toxic compound against predators”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.