Abstract
Current control of scab and mildew of apple in the UK requires the routine application of fungicides at 7 - 14-day intervals to achieve the blemish-free fruit required by the market. Such practices are generally effective, but with increased public concern about pesticides and rising costs to the grower, they are now less acceptable. The use of disease-warning systems offers scope for optimizing fungicide use by better timing of sprays. Adem™ is a PC-based system that warns of the risk of scab, mildew, Nectria fruit rot and canker and fireblight. In a 'key stage' strategy, warnings by Adem™ for scab and mildew integrated with practical pest and disease control resulted in similar or better control than a routine programme, with the additional benefit of reduced fungicide inputs and costs even in seasons exceptionally favourable for these diseases. Maximum savings in fungicide use were made by applying sprays curatively in response to scab warnings. However, this approach resulted in increased disease incidence to the crop and scab infection of fruit even in seasons unfavourable for scab attack. Keywords: Adem™Apple ScabApple Powdery MildewDisease Forecasting
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Warning-guided key-stage spraying controlled scab as well as or better than routine spraying.
- Treatment
- warnings by Adem™ for scab and mildewe0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- similar or bettere0
- Comparator
- routine programmee0
Not reportedTaxonInteractor
Verbatim
e0“warnings by Adem™ for scab and mildew integrated with practical pest and disease control resulted in similar or better control than a routine programme”
Claim · model-written summary
The warning strategy reduced fungicide inputs and costs.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Adem™e1
- Outcome
- fungicide inputs and costse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the additional benefit of reduced fungicide inputs and costs even in seasons exceptionally favourable for these diseases”
t0“apple”
e1“warnings by Adem™ for scab and mildew integrated with practical pest and disease control resulted in similar or better control than a routine programme”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative sprays after scab warnings saved the most fungicide.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- applying sprays curatively in response to scab warningse0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalist0pathogen - Outcome
- fungicide usee0
- Direction
- Maximum savingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum savings in fungicide use were made by applying sprays curatively in response to scab warnings”
t0“apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative spraying increased disease incidence.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- this approache0
- Outcome
- disease incidence to the crope0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this approach resulted in increased disease incidence to the crop and scab infection of fruit even in seasons unfavourable for scab attack”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative spraying increased scab infection of fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- this approache0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- scab infection of fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this approach resulted in increased disease incidence to the crop and scab infection of fruit even in seasons unfavourable for scab attack”
t0“apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
The same questions in other papers
application · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.