Abstract
Functional morphological patterns in root apices of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) dependent on growth, ageing and infection by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae and/or by the soilborne pathogenic fungus Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica ( P. parasitica ) were studied. Uninfected root apices were characterized by closed, tri‐layered meristems with nonreticulate nuclei; however, some apices of each treatment lost their meristematic nature, stopped growing and differentiated, becoming ‘parenchymatized’. The pathogenic fungus reduced the apex diameter and the number of mitotically active and viable apices inducing plasmolysis, cell and nucleus degeneration, and necrosis. The AM fungus, on the other hand, produced an increase in apex size and reduced the percentage of necrosis both in uninfected roots and in roots infected by P. parasitica . Thus, the AM fungus protected the apices from the pathogenic infection, allowing normal root growth. Furthermore, larger apices, which produce thicker roots, might indirectly contribute to plant protection. Increased volumes of colonizable tissues favour the spreading of the symbiont, and P. parasitica hyphae are always excluded from arbuscule‐containing cells.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Uninfected tomato root apices had closed three-layer meristems with nonreticulate nuclei.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- root apicese1
- Outcome
- closed, tri‐layered meristems with nonreticulate nucleie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root apices of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum )”
e1“Uninfected root apices were characterized by closed, tri‐layered meristems with nonreticulate nuclei”
Claim · model-written summary
Some root apices in each treatment stopped growing and differentiated.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- apicese0
- Outcome
- stopped growing and differentiatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some apices of each treatment lost their meristematic nature, stopped growing and differentiated, becoming ‘parenchymatized’”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen reduced tomato root-apex diameter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogenic funguse0
- Interactor
- pathogenic funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- apex diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenic fungus reduced the apex diameter and the number of mitotically active and viable apices inducing plasmolysis, cell and nucleus degeneration, and necrosis”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen reduced mitotically active and viable root apices.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogenic funguse0
- Interactor
- pathogenic funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of mitotically active and viable apicese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenic fungus reduced the apex diameter and the number of mitotically active and viable apices inducing plasmolysis, cell and nucleus degeneration, and necrosis”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen induced plasmolysis, degeneration and necrosis in apices.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogenic funguse0
- Interactor
- pathogenic funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plasmolysis, cell and nucleus degeneration, and necrosise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenic fungus reduced the apex diameter and the number of mitotically active and viable apices inducing plasmolysis, cell and nucleus degeneration, and necrosis”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The AM fungus enlarged tomato root apices.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AM funguse0
- Interactor
- AM funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- apex sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AM fungus, on the other hand, produced an increase in apex size and reduced the percentage of necrosis both in uninfected roots and in roots infected by P. parasitica”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The AM fungus reduced apex necrosis in uninfected and pathogen-infected tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AM funguse0
- Interactor
- P. parasitica
Phytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- AM funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- percentage of necrosise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AM fungus, on the other hand, produced an increase in apex size and reduced the percentage of necrosis both in uninfected roots and in roots infected by P. parasitica”
t0“tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
P. parasitica hyphae were excluded from arbuscule-containing cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- P. parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. parasitica hyphae are always excluded from arbuscule‐containing cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. parasitica hyphae are always excluded from arbuscule‐containing cells”
t0“tomato roots”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
126 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →mycorrhiza · Phytophthora nicotianae · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.