Abstract
Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system may improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the Indo-Gangetic plane region (IGPR), but the choice of alternative sequences to be used requires integrated assessment of various crop sequences. A long-term field experiment was initiated during 2000–01 on sandy loam soil at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India to assess 10 rice-based cropping sequences – rice-wheat, rice-chickpea, rice-wheat-green gram, rice-wheat-Sesbania (green manure), rice-mustard-green gram, rice-lentil-cowpea (fodder), rice-pea, rice-lentil + mustard (3:1)-cowpea (fodder), rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:1)-cowpea (fodder) and rice-potato-green gram in randomized block design with four replications. The data contained in this paper are for the year 2002–03 and 2003–04. Substitution of rice-wheat with 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green gram resulted in maximum production cost but gave the highest system productivity, net return, benefit:cost ratio, production efficiency, profitability and energy productivity. Inclusion of summer grain/fodder legume or Sesbania for green manuring improved the content of soil organic matter. The soil P status was positively affected in all the sequences and particularly those with summer crops. Decline in soil available K in all the sequences indicated inadequacy of present recommended rate of fertilizer K to all the component crops in different sequences.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting rice-wheat with 300% intensity sequences, particularly rice-potato-green gram, resulted in maximum production cost.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green grame2
- Outcome
- production coste2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Comparator
- rice-wheate2
- Setting
- Varanasi, Indiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e1“A long-term field experiment was initiated during 2000–01 on sandy loam soil at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India”
e2“Substitution of rice-wheat with 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green gram resulted in maximum production cost”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting rice-wheat with 300% intensity sequences, particularly rice-potato-green gram, gave the highest system productivity, net return and benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green grame2
- Outcome
- system productivity, net return, benefit:cost ratioe3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- rice-wheate2
- Setting
- Varanasi, Indiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e1“A long-term field experiment was initiated during 2000–01 on sandy loam soil at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India”
e2“Substitution of rice-wheat with 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green gram resulted in maximum production cost”
e3“gave the highest system productivity, net return, benefit:cost ratio, production efficiency, profitability and energy productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting rice-wheat with 300% intensity sequences, particularly rice-potato-green gram, gave the highest production efficiency, profitability and energy productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green grame2
- Outcome
- production efficiency, profitability and energy productivitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- rice-wheate2
- Setting
- Varanasi, Indiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e1“A long-term field experiment was initiated during 2000–01 on sandy loam soil at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India”
e2“Substitution of rice-wheat with 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green gram resulted in maximum production cost”
e3“gave the highest system productivity, net return, benefit:cost ratio, production efficiency, profitability and energy productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer grain or fodder legumes, or Sesbania, used for green manuring improved soil organic matter content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Inclusion of summer grain/fodder legume or Sesbania for green manuringe5
- Outcome
- content of soil organic mattere5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e5“Inclusion of summer grain/fodder legume or Sesbania for green manuring improved the content of soil organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P status was positively affected in all cropping sequences, particularly those with summer crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all the sequencese6
- Outcome
- soil P statuse6
- Direction
- positively affectede6
- Qualifier
- particularly those with summer cropse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e6“The soil P status was positively affected in all the sequences and particularly those with summer crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available K declined in all cropping sequences.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- soil available Ke7
- Direction
- Declinee7
- Qualifier
- in all the sequencese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e7“Decline in soil available K in all the sequences”
Claim · model-written summary
The present recommended rate of fertilizer K is inadequate for the component crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- present recommended rate of fertilizer Ke7
- Qualifier
- inadequacye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system”
e7“indicated inadequacy of present recommended rate of fertilizer K”
The same questions in other papers
Sesbania · soil: chemistry · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
279 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
301 papers more in this group
See all 305 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.