Abstract
For commercial production of greenhouse crops under shorter day length condition, supplementary radiation has been usually achieved by the artificial light source with higher electric consumption such as high-pressure sodium, metal halide, or incandescent lamps. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with several characteristics, however, have been considered as a novel light source for plant production. Effects of supplementary lighting provided by the artificial light sources on growth of Kale seedlings during shorter day length were discussed in this experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months, and leaf growth was observed at intervals of about 30 days after light exposure for 6 hours per day at sunrise and sunset. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of supplementary red LEDs on the plant canopy was maintained at 0.1 (RL), 0.6 (RM), and 1.2 (RH) mol/m 2 /s PPF. PPF in 3 W and Na treatments was measured at 12 mol/m 2 /s. Natural light (NL) was considered as a control. Leaf fresh weight of the seedlings was more than 100% increased under the 3 W, Na and RH treatment compared to natural light considering as a conventional condition. Sugar synthesis in Kale leaves was significantly promoted by the RM or RH treatment. Leaf yield per 3.3 m 2 exposed by red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPF was 9% and 16% greater than in 3W or Na with a higher PPF, respectively. CONCLUSION: Growth of the leafy Kale seedlings were significantly affected by the supplementary radiation provided by three wave lamp, sodium lamp, and red LEDs with different light intensities during the shorter day length under greenhouse conditions. From this study, it was suggested that the leaf growth and secondary metabolism of Kale seedlings can be controlled by supplementary radiation using red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPF as well as three wave or sodium lamps in the experiment.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf fresh weight of kale seedlings was more than 100% higher under the 3 W, Na and RH treatments than under natural light.
- Taxon
- Kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise2 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- 3 W, Na and RHe1
- Outcome
- Leaf fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- more than 100%e1
- Comparator
- natural lighte1
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf fresh weight of the seedlings was more than 100% increased under the 3 W, Na and RH treatment compared to natural light considering as a conventional condition”
e2“Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar synthesis in kale leaves was significantly promoted under the RM or RH light treatment.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise3
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- RM or RH treatmente3
- Outcome
- Sugar synthesise3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sugar synthesis in Kale leaves was significantly promoted by the RM or RH treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf yield per 3.3 m2 under red LEDs at 1.2 mol/m2/s PPF was 9% greater than under 3W lamps.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPFe4
- Outcome
- Leaf yield per 3.3 m 2e4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 9%e4
- Comparator
- 3We4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months”
e4“Leaf yield per 3.3 m 2 exposed by red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPF was 9% and 16% greater than in 3W or Na with a higher PPF, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf yield per 3.3 m2 under red LEDs at 1.2 mol/m2/s PPF was 16% greater than under Na lamps at a higher PPF.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPFe4
- Outcome
- Leaf yield per 3.3 m 2e4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 16%e4
- Qualifier
- with a higher PPFe4
- Comparator
- Nae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months”
e4“Leaf yield per 3.3 m 2 exposed by red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPF was 9% and 16% greater than in 3W or Na with a higher PPF, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of kale seedlings was significantly affected by supplementary radiation with different light intensities during the shorter day length under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- supplementary radiatione5
- Outcome
- Growthe5
- Qualifier
- with different light intensities during the shorter day lengthe5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months”
e5“Growth of the leafy Kale seedlings were significantly affected by the supplementary radiation provided by three wave lamp, sodium lamp, and red LEDs with different light intensities during the shorter day length under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf growth and secondary metabolism of kale seedlings can be controlled by supplementary radiation with red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m2/s PPF together with three wave or sodium lamps.
- Taxon
- KaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- supplementary radiation using red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPFe6
- Outcome
- leaf growth and secondary metabolisme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months”
e6“it was suggested that the leaf growth and secondary metabolism of Kale seedlings can be controlled by supplementary radiation using red LEDs of 1.2 mol/m 2 /s PPF as well as three wave or sodium lamps in the experiment”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.