Abstract
We have demonstrated that root treatment with hexanoic acid protects tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea. Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog) and in the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant flacca (flc). Upon infection, the LoxD gene as well as the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants. However, the basal ABA levels were not altered. Hexanoic acid primed callose deposition against B. cinerea in a cultivar-dependent manner. Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart. Hexanoic acid did not prime callose accumulation in flc plants upon B. cinerea infection; therefore, ABA could act as a positive regulator of Hx-IR by enhancing callose deposition. Furthermore, although hexanoic acid protected the JA-deficient mutant defensless1 (def1), the priming for callose was higher than in the wild type. This suggests a link between JA and callose deposition in tomato. Hence, the obtained results support the idea that callose, oxylipins, and the JA-signaling pathway are involved in Hx-IR against B. cinerea. Moreover our data support the relevance of JA-signaling for basal defense against this necrotroph in tomato. Hexanoic acid also protected against Pseudomonas syringae, indicating a broad-spectrum effect for this new inducer.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Root hexanoic acid protected tomato against Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- root treatment with hexanoic acide0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- protects tomato plants against Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- protectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root treatment with hexanoic acid protects tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid resistance to Botrytis was blocked in jai1.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- jai1e0
- Gene
- coi1e0
- Outcome
- Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blockede0
- Direction
- blockede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog)”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid resistance to Botrytis was blocked in flacca.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- flaccae0
- Outcome
- Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blockede0
- Direction
- blockede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog) and in the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant flacca (flc)”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection induced LoxD in treated plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Gene
- LoxDe0
- Outcome
- LoxD genee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon infection, the LoxD gene as well as the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection induced 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid in treated plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- 12-oxo-phytodienoic acide0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection induced JA-Ile in treated plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- JA-Ilee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal ABA levels were unaltered.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- basal ABA levelse0
- Direction
- not alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the basal ABA levels were not altered”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid primed callose deposition against Botrytis in a cultivar dependent manner.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Hexanoic acide0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- primede0
- Qualifier
- cultivar-dependente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanoic acid primed callose deposition against B. cinerea in a cultivar-dependent manner”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ailsa Craig showed increased callose deposition after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Ailsa Craige0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Moneymaker showed increased callose deposition after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Moneymakere0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rheinlands Ruhme0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Castlemart did not show increased callose deposition after treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Castlemarte0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- but note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid did not prime callose accumulation in infected flc plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- flce0
- Treatment
- Hexanoic acide0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- callose accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not primee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanoic acid did not prime callose accumulation in flc plants upon B. cinerea infection”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid protected def1 plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- defensless1e0
- Treatment
- hexanoic acide0
- Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hexanoic acid protected the JA-deficient mutant defensless1 (def1)”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose priming in treated def1 exceeded wild type.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- def1e1
- Outcome
- priming for callosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the priming for callose was higher than in the wild type”
e1“the JA-deficient mutant defensless1 (def1)”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret ABA as a positive regulator of resistance through callose deposition.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- Hx-IRe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- callose depositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA could act as a positive regulator of Hx-IR by enhancing callose deposition”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors implicate callose, oxylipins and JA signaling in hexanoic acid resistance.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Compound
- oxylipinse0
- Outcome
- Hx-IR against B. cinereae0
- Qualifier
- JA-signaling pathwaye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callose, oxylipins, and the JA-signaling pathway are involved in Hx-IR against B. cinerea”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors implicate JA signaling in basal tomato defense against the necrotroph.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- basal defensee0
- Qualifier
- JA-signalinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA-signaling for basal defense against this necrotroph in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid protected tomato against Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Hexanoic acide0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- protected against Pseudomonas syringaee0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanoic acid also protected against Pseudomonas syringae”
t0“Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
hexanoic acid · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.