Abstract
Treatment with the resistance priming inducer hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea by activating defence responses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR), we compared the expression profiles of three different conditions: Botrytis-infected plants (Inf), Hx-treated plants (Hx) and Hx-treated + infected plants (Hx+Inf). The microarray analysis at 24 h post-inoculation showed that Hx and Hx+Inf plants exhibited the differential expression and priming of many Botrytis-induced genes. Interestingly, we found that the activation by Hx of other genes was not altered by the fungus at this time point. These genes may be considered to be specific targets of the Hx priming effect and may help to elucidate its mechanisms of action. It is noteworthy that, in Hx and Hx+Inf plants, there was up-regulation of proteinase inhibitor genes, DNA-binding factors, enzymes involved in plant hormone signalling and synthesis, and, remarkably, the genes involved in oxidative stress. Given the relevance of the oxidative burst occurring in plant-pathogen interactions, the effect of Hx on this process was studied in depth. We showed by specific staining that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Hx+Inf plants was reduced and more restricted around infection sites. In addition, these plants showed higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione and ascorbate, and normal levels of antioxidant activities. The results obtained indicate that Hx protects tomato plants from B. cinerea by regulating and priming Botrytis-specific and non-specific genes, preventing the harmful effects of oxidative stress produced by infection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanoic acid protected tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- hexanoic acid (Hx)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinereae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with the resistance priming inducer hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea by activating defence responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Hx and Hx plus infection induced differential expression and priming of Botrytis-induced genes at 24 hours.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- Botrytis-induced genese0
- Outcome
- differential expression and priminge0
- Qualifier
- 24 h post-inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The microarray analysis at 24 h post-inoculation showed that Hx and Hx+Inf plants exhibited the differential expression and priming of many Botrytis-induced genes”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection did not alter activation of other Hx-responsive tomato genes at 24 hours.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Hxe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- activation by Hx of other genese0
- Direction
- not alterede0
- Comparator
- the funguse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activation by Hx of other genes was not altered by the fungus at this time point”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hx and Hx plus infection upregulated proteinase inhibitor genes, DNA-binding factors, hormone-related enzymes and oxidative stress genes.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Hx and Hx+Infe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Gene
- proteinase inhibitor genese0
- Outcome
- up-regulatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Hx and Hx+Inf plants, there was up-regulation of proteinase inhibitor genes, DNA-binding factors, enzymes involved in plant hormone signalling and synthesis, and, remarkably, the genes involved in oxidative stress”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hx plus infection reduced and localized ROS accumulation near tomato infection sites.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Hx+Infe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- around infection sitese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Hx+Inf plants was reduced and more restricted around infection sites”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hx plus infected tomato plants had higher reduced-to-oxidized glutathione and ascorbate ratios.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione and ascorbatee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these plants showed higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione and ascorbate”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hx plus infected tomato plants showed normal antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these plants showed higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione and ascorbate, and normal levels of antioxidant activities”
e1“hexanoic acid (Hx) protects tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Hx protection is mediated by priming genes and limiting infection-related oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Hxe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- Botrytis-specific and non-specific genese0
- Outcome
- protects tomato plants from B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hx protects tomato plants from B. cinerea by regulating and priming Botrytis-specific and non-specific genes, preventing the harmful effects of oxidative stress produced by infection”
The same questions in other papers
hexanoic acid · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.