Evidence for Compartmentalization of Conjugates of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Soybean Callus Tissue

Claim · model-written summary

Labeled soybean callus released considerable label after 24 hours without 2,4-D.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Organ / stage

root callus tissuee1

Outcome

released considerable amounts of label into the mediae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“released considerable amounts of label into the media”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

Fifty percent of free 2,4-D was lost within 15 minutes.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Outcome

free 2,4-D was loste0

Value

Fifty%e0

Qualifier

in 15 minutese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

Ninety-nine percent of free 2,4-D was lost within six hours.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Outcome

free 2,4-De1

Value

99%e0

Qualifier

in 6 hourse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“99% in 6 hours”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

About 48% of ether-soluble conjugates effluxed after six hours.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Outcome

ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates)e0

Value

about 48%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

About 33% of aqueous-soluble conjugates effluxed after six hours.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Outcome

aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides)e0

Value

about 33%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

7.5% DMSO enhanced neutral red efflux by 5% above control.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Treatment

7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)e0

Outcome

Neutral red effluxe0

Direction

enhancede0

Value

5%e0

Comparator

the controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

20% DMSO enhanced neutral red efflux by 50%.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Treatment

20% DMSOe0

Outcome

Neutral red effluxe1

Direction

enhancede1

Value

50%e0

Comparator

the controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“and 50% with 20% DMSO”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

DMSO enhanced ether- and aqueous-soluble conjugate efflux.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Treatment

DMSOe0

Outcome

efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugatese0

Direction

enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

DMSO below 10% did not damage vacuolar membranes.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Treatment

DMSO concentrations of less than 10%e0

Outcome

vacuolar membranese0

Direction

did not damagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”

Claim · model-written summary

Authors infer that 2,4-D metabolites occupy a cellular compartment, presumably the vacuole.

Taxon

Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71Glycine maxe1

Outcome

2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the celle0

Qualifier

presumably the vacuolee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole”

e1

“Soybean Glycine max L. Merrill var. Amsoy 71 root callus tissue labeled with [1-(14)C]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which was subsequently incubated for 24 hours in the absence of 2,4-D, released considerable amounts of label into the media. These results led to an examination of the efflux of 2,4-D and 2,4-D metabolites during a 6-hour time period. Fifty% of the free 2,4-D was lost in 15 minutes and 99% in 6 hours. After 6 hours, only about 48% of the ether-soluble fraction (mainly the glutamic and aspartic conjugates) and about 33% of the aqueous-soluble fraction (mainly hydroxylated glycosides) effluxed from the tissue. Neutral red efflux from stained callus tissue was enhanced only 5% above the control by treatment with 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 50% with 20% DMSO. Similar soybean callus tissue preincubated with [1-(14)C]2,4-D and subsequently incubated with H(2)O, 7.5% DMSO, and 20% DMSO was examined for efflux of (14)C label. DMSO similarly enhanced the efflux of the ether and aqueous soluble conjugates.DMSO concentrations of less than 10% did not damage the vacuolar membranes which also has been reported with cultured tobacco cells (Delmer 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 623-629). From these data, it seems that the 2,4-D metabolites are located in a compartment of the cell and presumably the vacuole.”