Abstract
Bystander effects induced by low-dose ionizing radiation have been shown to occur widely in many cell types and may have a significant impact on radiation risk assessment. Although the region of radiation damage is known to be much greater than the initial target volume irradiated, it remains to be seen whether this response is limited to the specific organ irradiated, spans a limited region of the body, or even covers the whole body of the target. To determine whether long-distance bystander/abscopal effects exist in whole organisms and to clarify the problem of intercellular communication, in the present study a specific cell group, the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis embryo, was irradiated with a defined number of protons and examined for root development postirradiation. The results showed that after direct damage to the shoot apical meristem from ion traversals, root hair differentiation, primary root elongation and lateral root initiation were all inhibited significantly in postembryonic development, suggesting that radiation-induced long-distance bystander/abscopal responses might exist in the whole organism. To further scrutinize the mechanism(s) underlying these inhibitory effects, a DR5-GUS transgenic Arabidopsis was used. The results showed that accumulation of the reporter GUS gene transcript in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos decreased in the postembryonic development. Treatment with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic plant auxin, or DMSO, a effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could rescue the reporter GUS enzyme accumulation and the length of primary root in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos, indicating that ROS or probably the ROS related auxin and auxin-dependent transcription process may be involved in radiation-induced long-distance bystander/abscopal effects.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Meristem irradiation significantly inhibited root hair differentiation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- postembryonic developmente0
- Treatment
- ion traversalse0
- Outcome
- root hair differentiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after direct damage to the shoot apical meristem from ion traversals, root hair differentiation, primary root elongation and lateral root initiation were all inhibited significantly in postembryonic development”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Meristem irradiation significantly inhibited primary root elongation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- postembryonic developmente0
- Treatment
- ion traversalse0
- Outcome
- primary root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after direct damage to the shoot apical meristem from ion traversals, root hair differentiation, primary root elongation and lateral root initiation were all inhibited significantly in postembryonic development”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Meristem irradiation significantly inhibited lateral root initiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- postembryonic developmente0
- Treatment
- ion traversalse0
- Outcome
- lateral root initiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after direct damage to the shoot apical meristem from ion traversals, root hair differentiation, primary root elongation and lateral root initiation were all inhibited significantly in postembryonic development”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Reporter GUS transcript accumulation decreased after irradiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- irradiatede0
- Gene
- GUSe0
- Outcome
- GUS gene transcripte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of the reporter GUS gene transcript in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos decreased in the postembryonic development”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid rescued reporter GUS enzyme accumulation in irradiated embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Gene
- GUSe0
- Outcome
- reporter GUS enzyme accumulatione0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic plant auxin, or DMSO, a effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could rescue the reporter GUS enzyme accumulation and the length of primary root in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid rescued primary root length in irradiated embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Outcome
- length of primary roote0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic plant auxin, or DMSO, a effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could rescue the reporter GUS enzyme accumulation and the length of primary root in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
DMSO rescued reporter GUS enzyme accumulation in irradiated embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- DMSOe0
- Gene
- GUSe0
- Outcome
- reporter GUS enzyme accumulatione0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic plant auxin, or DMSO, a effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could rescue the reporter GUS enzyme accumulation and the length of primary root in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
DMSO rescued primary root length in irradiated embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- DMSOe0
- Outcome
- length of primary roote0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic plant auxin, or DMSO, a effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could rescue the reporter GUS enzyme accumulation and the length of primary root in irradiated shoot apical meristem embryos”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ROS or ROS-related auxin transcription may mediate the distant irradiation effects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- radiation-induced long-distance bystander/abscopal effectse0
- Qualifier
- ROS or probably the ROS related auxin and auxin-dependent transcription processe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that ROS or probably the ROS related auxin and auxin-dependent transcription process may be involved in radiation-induced long-distance bystander/abscopal effects”
t0“Arabidopsis Embryos”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.