Abstract
Abstract In the Mekong Delta, alluvial clay soils have been used intensively over many generations for rice monoculture. Currently, farmers are confronted by problems of declining land productivity. Rotations comprising rice and upland crops can increase soil quality, but appropriate cropping systems for paddy soils have received relatively little attention. We therefore established a multiyear field experiment to evaluate the long‐term effects of cropping systems with different rotations on soil chemical quality. Systems laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications were as follows: (i) traditional rice monoculture with three rice crops per year (R‐R‐R), (ii) rotation with two rice crops and maize (R‐M‐R), (iii) rotation with two rice crops and mung bean (R‐Mb‐R) and (iv) rotation with one rice crop and two upland crops – mung bean and maize (R‐Mb‐M). We hypothesized that systems with rotations of upland crops and their temporary beds improve chemical quality of paddy rice soil. Soil chemical parameters were determined to better understand and evaluate the sustainability of the cropping systems. Results showed an improvement in soil chemical quality for cropping systems with rotations of rice and mung bean or maize grown on temporary beds (R‐M‐R, R‐Mb‐R and R‐Mb‐M), particularly the content of soil organic carbon and a presumed hydrolysable labile carbon fraction compared with rice monoculture. Less pronounced improvements in EC , CEC and total acidity were also found with inclusion of upland crops. Cropping systems of rice with upland crops improved rice grain and straw yield in subsequent season in contrast with rice monoculture.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations of rice with mung bean or maize on temporary beds improved overall soil chemical quality compared with rice monoculture.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- rotations of rice and mung bean or maize grown on temporary bedse1
- Outcome
- soil chemical qualitye1
- Direction
- improvemente1
- Comparator
- rice monoculturee2
- Setting
- Mekong Deltae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Mekong Delta, alluvial clay soils have been used intensively over many generations for rice monoculture”
e1“Results showed an improvement in soil chemical quality for cropping systems with rotations of rice and mung bean or maize grown on temporary beds”
e2“particularly the content of soil organic carbon and a presumed hydrolysable labile carbon fraction compared with rice monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations with upland crops improved soil organic carbon content and a presumed hydrolysable labile carbon fraction relative to rice monoculture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- rotations of rice and mung bean or maize grown on temporary bedse1
- Outcome
- content of soil organic carbone2
- Direction
- improvemente1
- Comparator
- rice monoculturee2
- Setting
- Mekong Deltae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Mekong Delta, alluvial clay soils have been used intensively over many generations for rice monoculture”
e1“Results showed an improvement in soil chemical quality for cropping systems with rotations of rice and mung bean or maize grown on temporary beds”
e2“particularly the content of soil organic carbon and a presumed hydrolysable labile carbon fraction compared with rice monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Inclusion of upland crops gave less pronounced improvements in EC, CEC and total acidity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inclusion of upland cropse3
- Outcome
- EC , CEC and total aciditye3
- Direction
- improvementse3
- Qualifier
- less pronouncede3
- Setting
- Mekong Deltae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Mekong Delta, alluvial clay soils have been used intensively over many generations for rice monoculture”
e3“Less pronounced improvements in EC , CEC and total acidity were also found with inclusion of upland crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems of rice with upland crops improved rice grain and straw yield in the subsequent season compared with rice monoculture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- Cropping systems of rice with upland cropse4
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- in subsequent seasone4
- Comparator
- rice monoculturee4
- Setting
- Mekong Deltae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Mekong Delta, alluvial clay soils have been used intensively over many generations for rice monoculture”
e4“Cropping systems of rice with upland crops improved rice grain and straw yield in subsequent season in contrast with rice monoculture”
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