Abstract
Abstract Continuing increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO 2 ) will likely be accompanied by global warming. Our research objectives were (a) to determine the effects of season‐long exposure to daytime maximum/nighttime minimum temperatures of 32/22, 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C at ambient (350 μmol mol −1 ) and elevated (700 μmol mol −1 ) CO 2 on reproductive processes and yield of peanut, and (b) to evaluate whether the higher photosynthetic rates and vegetative growth at elevated CO 2 will negate the detrimental effects of high temperature on reproductive processes and yield. Doubling of CO 2 increased leaf photosynthesis and seed yield by 27% and 30%, respectively, averaged across all temperatures. There were no effects of elevated CO 2 on pollen viability, seed‐set, seed number per pod, seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage. At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively. Similar percentage decreases in seed yield occurred at temperatures above 32/22°C at elevated CO 2 despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth. Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages. Seed harvest index decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34°C under both ambient and elevated CO 2 . We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling CO2 increased leaf photosynthesis of peanut relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae6 - Treatment
- Doubling of CO 2e0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling of CO 2 increased leaf photosynthesis and seed yield by 27% and 30%, respectively, averaged across all temperatures”
e2“At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling CO2 increased seed yield of peanut relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- Doubling of CO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- averaged across all temperaturese0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling of CO 2 increased leaf photosynthesis and seed yield by 27% and 30%, respectively, averaged across all temperatures”
e2“At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no effect on pollen viability, seed-set or seed number per pod of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- pollen viability, seed‐set, seed number per pode1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were no effects of elevated CO 2 on pollen viability, seed‐set, seed number per pod, seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no effect on seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- seed size, harvest index or shelling percentagee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were no effects of elevated CO 2 on pollen viability, seed‐set, seed number per pod, seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 14% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 36/26°C.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- 36/26e2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 14%e2
- Qualifier
- At ambient CO 2e2
- Comparator
- 32/22e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 59% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 40/30°C.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- 40/30e2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 59%e2
- Qualifier
- At ambient CO 2e2
- Comparator
- 32/22e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 90% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 44/34°C.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- 44/34e2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 90%e2
- Qualifier
- At ambient CO 2e2
- Comparator
- 32/22e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At ambient CO 2 , seed yield decreased progressively by 14%, 59% and 90% as temperature increased from 32/22 to 36/26, 40/30 and 44/34°C, respectively”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield of peanut decreased by similar percentages at temperatures above 32/22 under elevated CO2, despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- temperatures above 32/22e3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Qualifier
- at elevated CO 2 despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growthe3
- Comparator
- 32/22e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Similar percentage decreases in seed yield occurred at temperatures above 32/22°C at elevated CO 2 despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased seed yield of peanut at high temperature resulted from lower seed-set due to poor pollen viability.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Outcome
- Decreased seed yieldse4
- Qualifier
- lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viabilitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller seed size of peanut at high temperature resulted from decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Outcome
- smaller seed sizee4
- Qualifier
- due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentagese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed harvest index of peanut decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34°C under both ambient and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- temperaturee5
- Outcome
- Seed harvest indexe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 0.41 to 0.05e5
- Qualifier
- under both ambient and elevated CO 2e5
- Comparator
- 32/22e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Seed harvest index decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34°C under both ambient and elevated CO 2”
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
There are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO2 and temperature for peanut seed yield.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee6
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield of peanut is projected to decrease under future warmer climates.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- future warmer climatese6
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.